A STUDY OF THE EXTENT AND CAUSES OF DROP OUTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN RURAL MAHARASHTRA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GIRL DROP-OUTS Study Sponsored by Planning Commission, Govt. of India Conducted by Indian Institute of Education DECEMBER 2004 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION J. P. Naik Path, 128/2, Kothrud, Pune - 411 038 ] STUDY TEAM ] PROJECT DIRECTOR Dr. Ambika Jain, Professor, CES, IIE, Pune ] PROJECT ADVISER Dr. Chitra Naik, Chairperson, BoT, IIE, Pune ] RESEARCH ASSISTANT Shri. B.M. Naikare ] FIELD SUPERVISORS Shri. V. K. Chauhan Shri. Suresh R. Salunkhe Shri. Ramesh S. Tapkir ] STATISTICAL ASSISTANCE Shri. Prasanna Gavte Smt. Gauri Kulkarni Gavte ] ASSISTANCE Shri. Madhu Patil Shri. Tushar Nivangune Shri. Somesh Pande ] CONTENTS Chapters Page No. ] Preface ...............................................................................................................i ] Acknowledgement .......................................................................................... iii ] Executive Summary ........................................................................................ iv ] Chapter – 1 An Overview.........................................................................................................1 ] Chapter – 2 Primary Education in Maharashtra.....................................................................11 ] Chapter – 3 Schemes and Programmes for Primary Education in Maharashtra ...................21 ] Chapter – 4 Research Methodology ......................................................................................47 ] Chapter – 5 Status of Primary Schools and School Management .........................................55 ] Chapter – 6 The Teacher and the Teaching Learning Process .............................................79 ] Chapter – 7 The Parents and Drop out Children .................................................................107 ] Chapter – 8 Testing of the Hypothesis.................................................................................123 ] Chapter – 9 Conclusions .....................................................................................................137 ] Annexures ......................................................................................................149 ] LIST OF TABLES Table No. Table Name Page No. 1 Unemployment Rate (%) Daily Status * : Maharashtra & All-India......................... 9 2 Indications of Growth of Primary Education during Third Five Year Plan............. 12 3 Percentage of Population.................................................................................... 13 4 Special Schemes for Education for SC / ST ........................................................ 15 5 Enrolment in Primary Schools (1979 – 80) .......................................................... 16 6 Enrolment (1985-90) and (1990-91) .................................................................... 17 7 Participation of girls in Primary Schools and Women Teachers........................... 19 8 Drop out Rates by Standard in Maharashtra, 1998-99 ........................................ 20 9 Targets and Achievements of the ICDS Nutrition Programme............................. 41 10 School type/distance and enrolment of students ................................................. 56 11 Distribution of Students by caste (School Enrolment Year 2003-2004) ............... 57 12 School Teachers information............................................................................... 59 13 Schools building information ............................................................................... 60 14 (a) School other information ..................................................................................... 61 14 (b) School-wise toilet facility ..................................................................................... 62 15 School wise Electricity, sitting and medical facilities............................................ 63 16 Educational Facilities .......................................................................................... 64 17 Educational Teaching material facilities............................................................... 65 18 School Library facilities ....................................................................................... 66 19 Incentives for the students ............................................................................... 67 20 Professional Qualification of Headmaster............................................................ 69 21 Management – Headmasters role and teachers.................................................. 70 22 Involvement of headmasters in administration and teaching ............................... 72 23 Is there a Parents-Teachers association in the school? ...................................... 73 24 Village Education Committee in the school (VEC)............................................... 75 25 Does the prescribed school working days have an effect on ............................... 76 26 Distribution of number of teachers in sample ...................................................... 79 27 Distribution of teachers by age........................................................................... 80 28 Distribution of teachers by sex ........................................................................... 81 29 Distribution of teachers by caste ........................................................................ 81 30 Distribution of teachers by place ........................................................................ 82 31 Occupation of father............................................................................................ 83 32 Fathers Education............................................................................................... 83 33 Mothers Education .............................................................................................. 84 34 Type of families................................................................................................... 85 35 Total number of children ..................................................................................... 85 36 House ownership ................................................................................................ 86 37 Type of house ..................................................................................................... 86 38 Facilities at Home ............................................................................................... 87 39 Facility of reading................................................................................................ 88 40 Distance of school............................................................................................... 89 41 How do you commute to school .......................................................................... 89 42 Distribution of teachers by professional qualifications ........................................ 90 43 Do you got in service training ............................................................................. 91 44 Which type of training.......................................................................................... 91 45 Distribution of teachers by Service period .......................................................... 92 46 Salary per month................................................................................................. 93 47 Other sources of income ..................................................................................... 93 48 Why you selected teachers job ........................................................................... 94 49 Opinion of teachers regarding not satisfaction in this job..................................... 94 50 Opinion about salary ........................................................................................... 95 51 Do you want change your job.............................................................................. 96 52 Taught for which standard................................................................................... 97 53 Teaching Subjects .............................................................................................. 98 54 Strength of class ................................................................................................. 98 55 Daily Hrs of Teaching.......................................................................................... 99 56 Timings of school .............................................................................................. 100 57 Facilities available at school (for teacher).......................................................... 100 58 Facilities available at school (for student).......................................................... 101 59 Availability of teaching aids ............................................................................... 102 60 Availability of textbooks with students .............................................................. 103 61 (a) Preparation and monthly plan for teaching ........................................................ 104 61 (b) Preparation for daily classroom teaching........................................................... 104 61 (c) How .................................................................................................................. 104 62 Reasons of Absenteeism .................................................................................. 104 63 Sex-wise distribution of Parents .......................................................................