Sahel and West Africa Program in Support of the THE WORLD BANK Great Green Wall Initiative To Expand Sustainable Land and Water Management in Targeted Landscapes and Climate Vulnerable Areas © September 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development World Bank The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments that they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound- aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory nor the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Recon- struction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will nor- mally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750- 8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@world- bank.org. ii Sahel and West Africa Program in Support of the Great Green Wall Initiative To Expand Sustainable Land and Water Management in Targeted Landscapes and Climate Vulnerable Areas THE WORLD BANK iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ........................................................................................................vii Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Part I: Programmatic Justification ......................................................................... 3 A. Goal of the Program .............................................................................. 3 B. Description of the Consistency of the Program ..................................... 4 C. Rationale of the Program and Description of Strategic Approach ......... 8 D. The Value Added of the Program ........................................................ 21 E. The Associated Program and the Problem Addressed ........................ 23 F. Incremental /Additional Cost Reasoning ............................................. 23 G. The Socioeconomic Benefits ............................................................... 25 H. The Type of Financing ......................................................................... 27 I. The Risks ............................................................................................ 28 J. The Institutional Structure ................................................................... 28 K. Key Stakeholders ................................................................................ 31 L. The Cofinancing Amount ..................................................................... 33 M. The Program and the GEF Agency ..................................................... 33 Part II: Approval/Endorsement by GEF Operational Focal Point(S) and GEF Agency (ies) .............................................................................. 35 A. Record of Endorsement of GEF Operational Focal Point(S) on Behalf of the Government(s): .............................................................. 36 B. GEF Agency(ies) Certification ............................................................. 37 Annexes ............................................................................................................ 39 A. Program Identification .......................................................................... 41 B. Program Framework Document .......................................................... 49 C. Preliminary Project Summaries ........................................................... 50 1. Benin ............................................................................................... 50 2. Burkina Faso ................................................................................... 52 3. Chad ................................................................................................ 54 4. Ethiopia ........................................................................................... 56 5. Ghana .............................................................................................. 59 6. Mali .................................................................................................. 62 7. Mauritania ........................................................................................ 65 8. Niger ................................................................................................ 67 9. Nigeria ............................................................................................. 69 10. Senegal ......................................................................................... 71 11. Sudan ............................................................................................ 73 12. Togo ............................................................................................... 74 13. Knowledge Management, Monitoring, and Evaluation .................. 77 D. Baseline Projects and Cofinancing (estimated financing) .................. 79 E. Key Suggestions from Bonn Ministerial Declaration ........................... 83 F. Sustainable Land and Water Management— Definition and Practices ....................................................................... 86 References .......................................................................................................... 88 Notes ................................................................................................................... 89 v ABBREVIATIONS 2iE International Institute for Water and LADA Land Degradation Assessment Environmental Engineering LDPSP 2 Local Development Program Support AAP Africa Action Plan Project 2 ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological MDG Millennium Development Goal Applications for Development MRV Measurement Reporting and Verifica- AfDB African Development Bank tion AGRHYMET Agro-Hydro-Météorological Center of NBA Nile Basin Authority the CILSS NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategies and APL adaptable program loan Action Plans AU-NPCA NEPAD Planning and Coordination NCOS National Centers of Specialization Agency NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s CAS Country Assistance Strategies Development CBOs community-based organizations NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed CEN‐SAD Community of Sahel‐Saharan States Management Project CFIP Community and Private Forest NGO Nongovernmental organization Investment Project NIPENR National Investment Programme for CGIAR Consultative Group on International Environment and Natural Resources Agricultural Research NPCA NEPAD Planning and Coordinating CILSS Interstate Committee for Drought Agency Control in the Sahel NREG Natural Resources and Environmental COMIFAC Central African Forests Commission Governance CPS Country Partnership Strategies NRM Natural Resource Management CSIFs country SLM investment frameworks OMVS Senegal River Development DPL Development Policy Loan Organization DRM Disaster Risk Management OSS Sahara and Sahel Observatory EC European Commission PFD Program Framework Document ECCAS Economic Community of Central PES Payment for environmental services African States PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience ECOWAP ECOWAS Agricultural Policy PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ECOWAS Economic Community of West African PSNP Productive Safety Net Project States RECs Regional Economic Communities FAO Food and Agriculture Organization REDD Reducing Emissions from FIP Forest Investment Program Deforestation and Forest Degradation GEB Global environmental benefits RIAS Regional Integration Assistance GGWI Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy HABP Household Asset Building Program R-PP Readiness Preparation Proposal ICPAC IGAD Climate Prediction and SIP Strategic Investment Program Application Center STAP Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel IDA International Development Association UNCBD United Nations Convention on IDLM Integrated Disaster and Land Biological Diversity Management (Togo) UNEP United Nations Environment IEG Independent Evaluation Group Programme IFAD International Fund for Agricultural WAAPP West Africa Agriculture Productivity Development Project IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on WMO World Meteorological Organization Development WOCAT World Overview of Conservation IUCN International Union of the Conservation Approaches and Technologies of Nature WRCC Water Resources Coordination Center KPI Key performance indicator (ECOWAS) vii Introduction Sahelian Africa faces a persistent problem of that protect fragile soils, improve productivity, variability in rainfall, which is the major driver of and create income opportunities for the vast rural vulnerability in the region. Populations