This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Katherine Mansfield and periodical culture Mourant, Christopher Edward Le Quesne Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Katherine Mansfield and Periodical Culture Chris Mourant Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy King’s College London, 2015 1 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. 2 Contents Abstract 5 Acknowledgements 6 Abbreviations 8 Notes on the text and referencing 9 List of illustrations 10 Introduction: ‘the famous New Zealand Mag.-story writer’ 13 1. The New Age: Gender Politics and Nationhood 50 2. Rhythm: Parody and (Post)colonial Modernism 133 3. The Athenaeum: ‘Wanted, a New Word’ (World) 195 4. Afterlives: ‘Memories of Katherine Mansfield’ 264 Conclusion: Mansfield and Mediation 297 Bibliography 304 Appendix I: Katherine Mansfield’s contributions to periodicals and magazines 325 3 Appendix II: Katherine Mansfield, ‘A Little Episode’ (1909) 337 Appendix III: Katherine Mansfield, ‘Bites from the Apple’ (1911) 347 Appendix IV: Beatrice Hastings, Fragments (1920) 355 Appendix V: Illustrations 366 4 Abstract This research project charts Katherine Mansfield’s relation to periodical print culture, examining her contributions to the political weekly The New Age, the avant-garde little magazine Rhythm, and the literary journal The Athenaeum. Informed by recent developments in the field of ‘modern periodical studies’, the project situates Mansfield’s writings within the original historical contexts of publication, analysing her periodical contributions in conversation with those made by contemporaries such as Beatrice Hastings, T. E. Hulme, D. H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Moreover, the thesis accounts for the critical consensus that formed about Mansfield after her death, assessing how her reputation was mediated within The Adelphi. This project is based upon original archival research, providing the first critical examination of a recently discovered short story and collection of aphorisms by Mansfield. The thesis argues that the discipline of ‘modern periodical studies’ can extend our understanding of Mansfield’s work beyond the limitations of biographical analysis, opening up new perspectives and revealing hidden connections. The case study of Mansfield also allows for an examination of the twentieth-century periodical form as a space of ‘mediation’: a space that helped to enact conversations and controversies, as well as enable particular negotiations of polymorphic identity and geographical liminality. In particular, the thesis examines the periodical form as a space in which Mansfield negotiated the ambiguities of her colonial identity, positioning her writing between the global periphery and metropolitan centre. In this way, the thesis integrates ideas of the recent ‘transnational turn’ in modernist studies into the field of periodical scholarship. 5 Acknowledgements The completion of this research project would not have been possible without the financial support of the King’s College London Graduate School and the Leverhulme Trust. I would also like to thank a number of individuals: first and foremost, thank you to my supervisor at King’s College London, Anna Snaith, for seeing me through the ups and downs of my doctorate with such patience and kindness; also to Claire Davison, my external supervisor at the Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris, for her remarkable generosity; to Gerri Kimber, for her tireless enthusiasm; to Ben Schofield, for bringing me to King’s College London on the PhD research network ‘Internationalisation of Literature and Science since the Early Modern Period’ and for providing such excellent guidance in the early stages of this project; to Max Saunders and Mark Turner, for their advice and constructive criticism; and to Nadia Lasserson, for kindly allowing me to access and reproduce archival material from Adam International Review not housed at King’s College London. I have also been fortunate to work alongside a number of people on the executive committee of the British Association for Modernist Studies (BAMS), and I would like to thank in particular Andrew Thacker, Rebecca Beasley, Suzanne Hobson, Cathryn Setz, Sophie Oliver, and Sarah Chadfield. Thank you to my fellow co-organisers of the Modernist Magazines Research Seminar at the Institute of English Studies, Charlie Dawkins, Aimee Gasston, and Natasha Periyan. I would also like to thank Cait Rickard, an inspirational teacher who sparked and then fostered my interest in the study of literature, introducing me to modernism. 6 I am particularly grateful to my friends and family, who have all offered support and encouragement with patience and good humour. Thank you to the Wain clan, for all the fun. Thank you to my sister Katy and my parents, Gill and Nick – your love and support have made this possible. And, last but by no means least, thank you to Jessica, for everything. 7 Abbreviations Fictions The Collected Fiction of Katherine Mansfield, ed. by Gerri Kimber and Vincent O’Sullivan, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012) Journal Journal of Katherine Mansfield: Definitive Edition, ed. by John Middleton Murry (London: Constable, 1954) Letters The Collected Letters of Katherine Mansfield, ed. by Vincent O’Sullivan and Margaret Scott, 5 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984-2008) Notebooks The Katherine Mansfield Notebooks, Complete Edition, ed. by Margaret Scott, 2 vols. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002) Writings The Poetry and Critical Writings of Katherine Mansfield, ed. by Gerri Kimber and Angela Smith (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014) 8 Notes on the text and referencing Most references to writings by Katherine Mansfield in this thesis use the abbreviations listed on the previous page. When a number is given in parenthesis before the reference, this indicates information about its original publication that can be located in the list of Mansfield’s contributions to periodicals and magazines provided in Appendix I. All quotations from Mansfield’s letters and journals retain grammatical errors found in the originals, such as missing apostrophes or words that aren’t capitalised. In the interests of consistency, where the definite article is italicised on the title page of a periodical or magazine (The New Age), this italicisation is retained in the body of the text. In references, however, the definite article is dropped (New Age). Primary material from periodicals and magazines is not listed in the bibliography. The visual aspects of periodical culture are integral to sections of analysis in this thesis. All images and illustrations, identified in the body of the text with a figure number, can be found at the end of the thesis in Appendix V. Sections from this thesis have been published in the journal Katherine Mansfield Studies: parts of analysis in Chapters 1 and 4 appear in the special issue on ‘Katherine Mansfield and the (Post)colonial’ (2013); and a version of the section on ‘parodic translation’ in Chapter 2 has been published in a special issue on ‘Katherine Mansfield and Translation’ (2015). Further details of publication can be found in the bibliography to this thesis. The total word count for this thesis is 97, 082, excluding the bibliography and appendices. 9 List of illustrations Figure 1: previously unidentified portrait of Katherine Mansfield by Anne Estelle Rice (c. 1918) Figure 2: The Illustrated London News (1892) Figure 3: The Review of Reviews (April 1912) Figure 4: ‘The “New Age” World’ in The New Age, 6.18, Literary Supplement (March 3, 1910) Figure 5: ‘The World of Story’ in Story (Dec. 1932) Figures 6 and 7: The Native Companion (Feb. and Aug. 1907) Figure 8: The Native Companion (Nov. 1907) Figures 9 and 10: The Native Companion (Dec. 1907) Figure 11: The New Age, 6.17 (Feb. 24, 1910) Figure 12: Beatrice Hastings, ‘In full revolt’ (aged 19, 1898) Figure 13: Beatrice Hastings, photographed by Man Ray in Paris (Nov. 1921) Figure 14: Beatrice Hastings (unknown date) Figure 15: Beatrice Hastings, by ‘Tom Titt’ (Jan Junosza de Rosciszewski) Figure 16: Beatrice Hastings, by Amedeo Modigliani 10 Figure 17: draft drawing for The Quest / Rhythm (1911), by J. D. Fergusson (Perth archives) Figure 18: Rhythm, cover design by J. D. Fergusson Figure 19: Anne Estelle Rice, ‘Drawing’ in Rhythm, 4 (Spring 1911), p. 3 Figure 20: Anne Estelle Rice, ‘Drawing’ in Rhythm, 10 (Nov. 1912), p. 263 Figure 21: Anne Estelle Rice, ‘Schéhérazade’ in Rhythm, 1 (Summer 1911), p. 15 Figure 22: Anne Estelle Rice, ‘Drawing’ in Rhythm, 2 (Autumn 1911), p. 22 Figure 23: Anne Estelle Rice, ‘Drawing’ in Rhythm, 3 (Winter 1911), p. 4 Figure 24: Margaret Thompson, ‘Drawing’ in Rhythm, 4 (Spring 1912), p. 7 Figure 25: Henri Manguin, ‘Landscape’ in Rhythm, 4 (Spring 1912), p.