Kemble, Gloucestershire HERITAGE APPRAISAL Prepared for Martin Kingston 6th December 2017 KEMBLE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE HERITAGE APPRAISAL Prepared for Martin Kingston 6th December 2017 Archaeology and Planning Solutions Eversley House Wheatsheaf Lane Oaksey WILTSHIRE SN16 9TB T 01666 577709 E [email protected] CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Planning guidance ........................................................................................................................... 2 3 Guidelines for developer funded heritage assessments .......................................................... 9 4 Recorded heritage assets within and around Kemble ............................................................. 13 5 Summary of Key Heritage Attributes ............................................................................................. 23 6 References ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Figures 1-15 Appendix: Recorded relevant heritage assets 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This report presents a baseline assessment of recorded heritage assets within and around the village of Kemble in Gloucestershire centred on National Grid Reference ST 9874 9732 (Figure 1). The report is intended to provide a baseline resource which can be used by the parish council when assessing the potential effects of future developments within the village and the surrounding countryside. 1.2 A heritage asset is defined in the National Planning Policy Framework (Annex 2) as ‘a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions because of its heritage interest. Heritage assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing)’. Heritage assets can be categorised into the following: designated heritage assets which include world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, listed buildings, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields and conservation areas. In this regard a conservation area and listed buildings are present within the village and further listed buildings are present in the surrounding countryside; and non-designated heritage assets which include sites held on the Gloucestershire Historic Environment Record, elements of the historic landscape and sites where there is the potential to encounter unrecorded archaeological remains. In this regard archaeological investigations have established that the village has a rich archaeological background and further archaeological sites are known within the surrounding countryside. 1.3 Topographically, the village of Kemble and its rural surroundings are located on gently undulating land between 105m and 120m above Ordnance Datum, although there is a low north-east to south-west aligned ridge between the village and Field Barn (see contours on Figure 1). Information provided by the British Geological Survey indicates that a narrow band of the Athelstan Oolite Limestone Formation and the Chalfield Oolite Limestone Formation, which contain a strip of alluvium from a watercourse, underlies this ridge. Elsewhere, the geology within the village and its surroundings predominantly consists of the Forest Marble Limestone and Mudstone Formations and the Cornbrash Limestone Formation, Kemble, Gloucestershire. Heritage Appraisal Page 1 2 PLANNING GUIDANCE Introduction 2.1 All development proposals affecting heritage assets within and around the village must comply with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, the National Planning Policy Framework and relevant planning policies in the Cotswold District Local Plan 2001-2011 prior to its replacement by the emerging Local Plan. Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 2.2 Section 66 (1) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 states that “in considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the Local Planning Authority or, as the case may be, Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses”. 2.3 Section 69 of the Act requires local authorities to define as conservation areas any ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. Section 72 gives local authorities a general duty to pay special attention ‘to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area’. National Planning Policy Framework 2.4 Government policy in relation to the historic environment is outlined in section 12 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment (DCLG 2012). This provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the delivery of sustainable development; understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment; the conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance; and recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our knowledge and understanding of the past. Kemble, Gloucestershire. Heritage Appraisal Page 2 2.5 Advice on enhancing and conserving the historic environment is also published in the Planning Practice Guidance (PPG; DCLG 2014) which expands on how the historic environment should be assessed within the National Planning Policy Framework. This acknowledges that “the appropriate conservation of heritage assets forms one of the ‘Core Planning Principles’ that underpin the planning system.” This core principle states that “planning decisions should conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life of this and future generations”. 2.6 Within the NPPF the most relevant planning guidance concerning heritage assets is to be found in paragraphs 126-141 and specific paragraphs are summarised below. General 2.7 Paragraph 128 addresses planning applications stating that “local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance”. 2.8 Paragraph 129 states that “local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.” Designated heritage assets 2.9 Designated heritage assets, such as conservation areas and listed buildings, are addressed in Paragraph 132 which states that “when considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Kemble, Gloucestershire. Heritage Appraisal Page 3 Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional”. 2.10 Paragraph 133 states that “where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: ● the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and ● no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and ● conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and ● the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use”. 2.11 Paragraph 134 states that “where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal,