China's Fifth National Report on the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity The Ministry of Environmental Protection of China March, 2014 Coordinating Department: Ministry of Environmental Protection Participating Departments: National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of Customs, State Administration for Industry and Commerce, State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, State Forestry Administration, State Intellectual Property Office, State Tourism Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Oceanic Administration, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development. Project Implementing Institution: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Table of Content Executive Summary .....................................................................................................1 Part I. Current Status of and Threats to China's Biodiversity...............................15 1.1 Importance of Biodiversity for Social and Economic Development......................15 1.2 Current Status of China's Biodiversity....................................................................16 1.3 Main Threats to Biodiversity in China....................................................................19 1.4 Economic and Social Implications of Biodiversity Loss........................................22 Part II. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and Its Implementation……………………………………………………………………...24 2.1 Development of China's Updated NBSAP……………………………...…..........24 2.2 National Targets for Biodiversity Conservation……………………………...…..25 2.3 Main Actions to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity………........33 2.3.1 Laws and regulations……………………………………………..........33 2.3.2 Cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms………………………….…. 33 2.3.3 Survey and monitoring…………………………………………….…..35 2.3.4 In-situ conservation………………………………………….………...37 2.3.5 Ex-situ conservation (including genetic resources)…………..………..41 2.3.6 Key ecological projects……………………………………….…….....43 2.3.7 Environmental pollution control ………………………………....…...44 2.3.8 Prevention and control of invasive alien species…………………..….46 2.3.9 Biosafety management of GMOs………...............................................47 2.3.10 Incentive measures ……………………………………….…….........48 2.3.11 Science and research ……………………………………................51 2.3.12 Public participation………………………………………....…….….52 2.3.13 International cooperation and exchanges…………...……………..…53 2.4 Overall Assessment of Progress in Implementing NBSAP ……...…………........56 Part III. Sectoral and Cross-sectoral Integration of Biodiversity ….....................58 3.1 Development and Reform Commission ………………………...……………58 3.2 Education.................………………………………………………………...........59 3.3 Science and Technology …………………………………………….....61 3.4 Land and Resources ………………………………………………………….......63 3.5 Housing, Urban and Rural Development………………………………………....64 3.6 Water Resources Management……………………………………………….......66 3.7 Agriculture……………………………………………………………………......68 3.8 Commerce……………………………………………………………………..... .73 3.9 Customs……………………………………………………………………….......74 3.10 Industry and Commerce Administration…………………………………….......75 3.11 Qaulity Supervision, Inspection and Quanrantine……………………………....77 3.12 Forestry………………………………………………………………………... .79 i 3.13 Intellectual Property Office......………………………………………….……...83 3.14 Tourism...........................………………………………………………………..84 3.15 Oceanic Administration.............. ……………………………………...………..85 3.16 Chinese Medicine Administration………………………………………….…...88 3.17 Poverty Reduction and Development................... ………………….…………..90 3.18 Implementation of Other Related Conventions................................................... 92 3.18.1 The UN Convention to Combat Desertification ………….................92 3.18.2 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ………………………………...........................................................95 3.18.3 The Ramsar Convention on Wetland of International Importance Especially as Habitats of Waterfowls …………............................................96 3.18.4 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora…………………………...…...............................................97 Part IV. Progress in Implementation of 2020 Biodiversity Targets and Contributions to Millennium Development Goals …..……...................................99 4.1 Indicators for Assessment of 2020 Biodiversity Targets….. …………………....99 4.2 Data Analysis for Indicators for Assessing 2020 Biodiversity Targets………...102 4.2.1 Biodiversity status……………………………………………….......102 4.2.2 Ecosystem services ……………………………...……….…107 4.2.3 Pressures ………………………………………………...….……109 4.2.4 Responses…………………………………………………….……...113 4.3 Overall Assessment of China's Progress in Implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and Achieving the 2020 Biodiversity Targets ....……………………...123 4.4 Contributions to Achievement of Millennium Development Goals ……….124 4.5 China's Experiences in the Implementation of the Convention……………… ...124 Part V. Main Issues and Priority Actions for Biodiversity Conservation in China....127 5.1 Main issues……………………………………………………….………...........127 5.2 Priority actions……………………………………………………….……….....128 Case 2.1 Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan Province: from Northwest Yunnan to the Whole Province………..…………………............................................................34 Case 2.2 Sichuan Province Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2020 ）…..35 Case 2.3 Compulsory Conservation Model in Wuyi Mountain ………………….….38 Case 2.4 Huangshan Mountain Model-Conservation through Enclosing and Alternating Opening Scenic Spots................................................................................39 Case 2.5 Model of Coordination between Nature Conservation and Economic Development in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province...........................................................40 Case 2.6 Innovative Management Model of Liaohe Protected Area……………..…..45 Case 2.7 Pilot Ecological Compensation in Xin'anjiang River Basin………………..51 Case2.8 EU-China Biodiversity Program Achieved Rich Results…………...............54 Case 2.9 Incorporating Biodiversity into Land Use Planning and Land ii Reclamation..................................................................................................................55 Case 2.10 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Grasslands in Hulunbei’er...................................................................................................................55 Case 3.1 Protection of Crop Wild Relatives....……………….………………………72 Case 3.2 Artificial Breeding and Commercialization of Yews.....………………..…..83 Case 3.3 Coastal Wetland Restoration Project in Wuyuanwan, Xiamen, Fujian.....….87 Case 3.4 Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation in Bijie City, Guizhou Province.........................................................................................................................91 Case 3.5 Soil Conservation Project in Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu….…...…94 Appendix 1 Information concerning the Party and the preparation of the fifth national report………………………...……………..................................................................132 Appendix 2 List of personnel involved in the preparation of China's fifth national report on the implementation of the CBD…….......................................................................136 Annex I. Assessment of progress in implementing updated NBSAP............................144 Annex II Assessment of China's progress in implementing the Strategic Plan for 2011-2020 and 2020 biodiversity targets……………………………………...….......152 Annex III Implementation of the programme of work on biodiversity of arid and semi-arid lands..............................................................................................................169 Annex IV Implementation of the programme of work on protected areas…………...171 Annex V Implementation of the Capacity-building Strategy for the Global Taxonomy Initiative and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation...…......................................182 References……………………………………………………………………...……..190 iii List of Acronyms or Abbreviations AIC Administration on Industry and Commerce ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBPF China Biodiversity Partnerships Framework CCICED China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CNCG China National Coordinating Group on Implementation of the CBD COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COP Conference of Parties CSPA China Strategy for Plant Conservation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EU European Union FFI Fauna and Flora International FGD flue-gas desulfurization GAC General Administration of Customs GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility