I i i S 1 1 1 1 POLYBIUS 1 1 in 1 1 1 THE HISTORIES 1 1 on 1 M 1 I 1 1 1 Translated by 1 W. R. PATON 1 1 1 X \ \ Complete list of Loeb titles can be found at the end oj each volume POLYBIUS (born c. 208 B.C.) of Mega- son lopolis in the Peloponnese (Morea), the Achaean in of Lycortas, served League arms and diplomacy for many years, alliance with Rome. From favouring in 1 68 to 151 he was hostage Rome where he became a friend of Aemilius Paulus and his two sons, especially adopted Scipio Aemilianus whose campaigns he attended later. In late life he was trusted mediator between Greece and the Romans whom he admired; helped in the discussions which preceded the final war with was Carthage; and, after 146 B.C., entrusted by the Romans with details of administration in Greece. He died at the after a fall from his horse. The age of 82 historical main part of his famous work B.C. With covers the years 264-146 two introductory books, it described the rise of Rome to the destruction of Carthage and the domination of Greece by Rome. It is a great work; accurate, thoughtful, based on full largely impartial, research, into of insight customs, institutions, of and character geography, causes events of it is a vital and most people ; interesting achievement of first rate importance, state in which all despite the incomplete but the first five of the forty books have reached us. Polybius' overall theme is how and why the Romans spread their power as they did. NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES 3 3333 18269 3198 F v/, POLYBIUS THE HISTORIES WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY W. R. PATON IN SIX VOLUMES III CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM IIEINEMANN LTD MCMLXXIX American ISBN 0-674-99153-2 Eriiish ISBN 434 99138 4 First printed 1923 Reprinted 1954, 1960, 1966,1972, 1979 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS OF VOLUME Til PAGE BOOK V ... .... 2 FRAGMENTS OF BOOK VI ..... 268 FRAGMENTS OF BOOK VII . 404 FRAGMENTS OF BOOK VIII . 446 INDEX 543 THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS nOAYBIOT ISTOPK2N nEMIITH To fJLev ovv Kara rrjv 'Apdrov rod TO$ eTvy^ave SieA^Au^os" Trepl 7nro\TJV' OVTWS yap rjye rovs ' 2 TOT TO TO)V > oLTreriOero rr]V ap-^v, 'E77^paros Se eaTparTyei. Kara Se rovs avrovs Kaipovs rrjs Oepetas 'Avviftas fjit' t rov Trpos 'PcujLtatous 77oAe/zot> dvi\ri 1 CK Katwjs TroAeco? /<:at S<,aftds rov "I(3r}pa vr)p%TO rrjs 7ri/3oXrjs Kal Tropeias rfjs els 'IraAta ? 4 Pco/xatot Se TtjSeptoi-' /xey 2e/XT7pojvio^ ei'? AtjSur^v /xera ovvd[Jia)s, HoTrAtov Se Kopt'T^Atov et? 'IjSijpiav 5 z^aTTeareAXov 'Avrto^o? Se :at nToAe/xatos" 0,77- ra? rrpeafieias Kal TO Aoyco TO 6 '0 Se j3aaLXevs OtAtTTTT-o?, e^Se^? cov ULTOV ' XP^p'dTOJV LS TCLS $Vvd{J.lS, GVVT]y. TOU? 7 8ta rcDv ap^ovTCov els eKKXrjolav. ddpoiadevTOS Se TO> TrXrjOovs els Atyiov /<rara TOU? VO^LOVS, 6pa>v TOVS {JLV TTepl "Aparov eOeXoKaKOVVTas 8ta r^v 77ept ra? 2 THE HISTORIES OF POLYB1US BOOK V 2is B.C. 1 . THE year of office of the younger Aratus came to an end at the rising of the Pleiades," such being then the Achaean reckoning of time. On his retirement he was succeeded by Eperatus, Dorimachus being still the strategus of the Aetolians. Contempor- aneously in the early summer, Hannibal, having now openly embarked on the war against Rome, had started from New Carthage, and having crossed the Ebro was beginning to march on Italy in pursuit of his the at the time sent Tiberius plan ; Romans same Sempronius Longus to Africa with an army and Publius Cornelius Scipio to Spain, and Antiochus and Ptolemy, having abandoned the attempt to settle by diplomatic means their dispute about Coele- Syria, went to war with each other. King Philip, being in want of corn and money for his army, summoned the Achaeans through their magistrates to a General Assembly. When this met at Aegium according to the law of the League, noticing that Aratus was little disposed to help him May 13th. 3 THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS eyevrftjievrjv els avrovs rwv rrepl rov 9 'ArreXXrjv KaKOTrpayfJLOO'VV'rjV, rov S* ^j7njparov d- vrrd rrpaKrov ovra rfj fivcrei Kai /caraytveocr/cojuevoi' 8 rfdvratV, avXXoyLO-dfJLeVOS 6/C rd)V TTpOetp^/ZeVaJV T7)V ' ayvoiav ran' Trepl rov ATreAAfjv /cat Aeovriov eKpivev 9 avOis avre^eaOai TOJV Trepl TOV "Aparov. Treiacis ovv rovs ap)(ovTas /xerayayetv TTJV eKK\r^aiav els ^liKvajva, Xafltov rov re Trpeafivrepov KCLL rov vewrepov "Aparois els ras "^elpas, KCLL TTOLVTOJV rtov yeyovortov dvaOels rrjv alriav eTrl rov 'ATreAXrjv, TrapeKotXei f^eveiv avrovs erri rfjs et; d-px^js alpeo~ea)s. 10 ra)V Se avyKara9efjLevcov erot/zto?, elaeXOtov els b rovs 'A^aiou? Ka.1 ^/37]cra/Jtevos avvepyols rots' TTpoeipi^/jievoLS rrdvra Karerrpa^e rd rrpos TTJV 11 eTnfioXrjV. 7Tei>rrj:<ovrcL jjiev yap eSoe rdXavra rols 'A^atots* els rr)V TrptbrrjV dva^vyr^v avra) Sovai Trapa^p^/xa rpi^vov fjuaOoSorrjaai rr/v 3e 12 Svvafjiiv /cat crurov rrpoaBelvai ^vpidSas' ro AotTro^, ecus dv rrapdjv ev HeXorrovvrjaa) avfjirroXefjifi, rajv rdXavra Xajjifidveiv ei<darov (JL7]vos Trapd 'A^ataiv 6777-a/cat'Se/ca. 2 /\odvraji> Se rovrojv ol fjiev 'A^atot SteAJ^crav eVt rds TToXeis' ra> Se fiacnXel povXevofJievo) p,erd at e/c rajv (f)iXwv, eTreiftr) ovvrj\9ov SuvajLtet? rrjs ra) -tas-, eSo^e ^pi^a^at /caret OdXarrav 2 noefjiCt). ovrcos yap errerfeicfro {JLOVCOS auro? ro^ecos rravra^oOev em^ciLveaQai rols 9 iOLS, rovs o vrrevavriovs vJKMJT dv ovvao~9ai 3 TrapafiorjOelv aAA^Aot?, are oLearraa[j,evovs ^ev 1 8* 8ta rat? ^aJpats , SeStora? ei<darovs rrepl afiaJv rrjv dSrjXorrjra /cat ro ra^o? rijs Kara OdXarrav 1 Trapoucrta? ra>v TroXefJiicov rrpos yap AtrcoAous 4 BOOK V. 1. 7-2. 3 owing to the intrigues of Apelles against him at the late election, and that Eperatus was by nature no man of action and was held in contempt by all, he became convinced by these facts of the error that Apelles and Leontius had committed, and decided to take the part of Aratus. He therefore persuaded the magistrates to transfer the Assembly to Sicyon and there meeting the elder and younger Aratus in private and laying all the blame for what had happened on Apelles, he begged them not to desert their original policy. Upon their readily consenting, he entered the assembly and with the support of these statesmen managed to obtain all he wanted for his purpose. For the Achaeans passed a vote to pay him at once fifty talents for his first campaign, to provide three months' pay for his troops and ten thousand medimni of corn, and for the future as long as he remained in the Peloponnese fighting in alliance with them he was to receive seventeen talents per month from the League. 2. After passing this decree the Achaeans dis- persed to their several cities. When the troops had mustered from their winter quarters, the king at a council of his friends decided to prosecute the war by sea. This, he was convinced, was the only way by which he could himself fall suddenly on his enemies from every side, while at the same time his adversaries would be deprived of the power of rendering assistance to each other, separated as they were geographically and each in alarm for their own safety owing to the rapidity and secrecy with which the enemy could descend on them by sea. For it was against the Aetolians, Lacedaemonians, THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS KOL AaKeSaiaoviovs eri 8' "HAetous o 4 rjv avra). KpiOevronv Se TOVTCJV rf#poie rd$ re TOJV 'A^atcov vfjas teal rds afierepas el? TO Ae^aiov, feat owe^er? rroiovuevos dvarreipas eyvuva^e rov? ^aAayytra? KO.L ovveiOi.^ rat? etpecrtat?, TrpoOvfjiws avra) TTpos TO 77a/oayyeAAo/xe^ov (JVVVTTCLKOVOVTWV 1 5 rcD^ Ma/ceSovajv Trpos Te yap rous ev y^ /civS wows' e/c Trapard^ecos yewatorarot 77/30? re ra? /cara QaXarrav K rov /catpou ^peta? erot/zorarot, 1 ~ Aetroypyot ye /XT^V ?7ept ra.9 ra^petas /cat XaPa KOTTOiias KCLL Trdcrav rrjv TOLavTrjv raXaLTrcopiav 6 (^LXoTrovcoraroL rives, olovs 'Ho-toSo? Trapeto-ayet Ata/ctSas", Sacrt. ^ '0 /xev owi^ ^SaatAeu? /<"at TO TrXrjdos ev ra> KoptV^a) SteVpijSe, vrept TO]^ /<:aTa 8 OdXarrav daK^aiv KQLL TrapaaKevrjv ytvo/xevos" o ' 'ATreAA^s" OUT' eTTiKparelv rov (DiAiVTrou 8uva- fjievos ovre cfrepew rrjv eXdrra)o~iv Trapopctj/xeyo?, TrotetTat crvvaJiJLOo~{av rrpos rovs Trepl Aeovriov KCLL COCTT' MeyaAe'ac, eKeivovs fjiev crvfJLTrapovras 77* avrojv ra)V KOLiptov eOeXoKCLKelv /cat Au/zatWcr#ai TOU 1 Se Tas* ^aaiAeto? ^pet'as , auro? xaipLadeis et? XaA/a'Sa tfrpovri^eiv Iva fji^SafjioOev avra) ^opr^yta 9 TrapaytVryrat Trpo? Ta? e'm/3oAa? . ovros fjiev ovv roiavra avvOe/jLei'o? KOI KaKorpoTrevod/jLevos Trpos rov? TrpoeLprjfjLevovs aTrrjpe^ els rr^v XaA/a'Sa, o~Krnfjis Ttvas" euAo'you? Trpo? ToV flaaiXea Tropi- 10 crdfjievos' Ka.Kel Siarpifiaiv ovrais jSe^atcos' erijpei rd Kara rov? opttovs, Trdvratv avra> TreiQap^ovvratv Kara rrjv Trpoyeyev^/zeV^v moTiv, coaTe TO TeAeu- 6 BOOK V. 2. 3 - 10 and Eleans that he was fighting. Having re- solved on this he collected at the Lechaeum the Achaean ships and his own, and by constant practice trained the soldiers of the phalanx to row. The Macedonians obeyed his orders in this respect with the utmost alacrity, for they are not only most intrepid in regular battles on land, but very ready to undertake temporary service at sea, and also industrious in digging trenches, erecting palisades and all such hard work, just as Hesiod represents " the sons of Aeacus to be joying in war as if it were a feast." The king, then, and the bulk of the Macedonian army remained in Corinth occupied with this training and preparation.