Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Influence of National Sport Team Identity on National Identity Dusko Bogdanov Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL SPORT TEAM IDENTITY ON NATIONAL IDENTITY BY DUSKO BOGDANOV A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sport Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2011 The members of the Committee approve this dissertation of Dusko Bogdanov defended on June 30th, 2011. Jeffrey D. James Professor Directing Dissertation Gary A. Knight University Representative Robert A. Schwartz Committee Member Michael J. Mondello Committee Member Approved: Jeffrey D. James, Chair Department of Sport Management The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii To my brother, Angelko Bogdanov... It is difficult to put into words what you mean to me because the feeling is so intense...I wear a smile with watered eyes and laugh to myself when I think of all we have been through ...and everyday my love for you continues to grow stronger and stronger---you are my life bro, and I love you more than anything else in the world...I love you Bati. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mom and Tat—sta da vam kazem---Ovaj uspeh ne bi mogao da postignem bez vaše pomoči i ljubav...Volim vas!!! Dr. James, this dissertation does not get accomplished without your guidance, FACT! I am truly grateful... we have had numerous conversations---questioning my motives, discussing my focus, and the academic challenges---but you hung around and did not quit on me---in my next life, if I become a prizefighter, I want you in my corner...Thanks Dr. James, for everything. To my committee, Dr. Mondello, Dr. Knight, and Dr. Schwartz. I made a number of mistakes during my time in the doctoral program, but when it came time to select a team when it mattered most, you all delivered. Thank you for your time, effort, and most of all patience! To my family in Serbia, Sneza, Srba, Bojana, and Ana. Bojana and Ana for showing me around Belgrade and the laughs. Srba, for helping me gather the Serbian participants, knowledge of research methodology, and his friendship. Sneza, my sister, you have one of the biggest hearts I know, thank you for your love and support; I will never forget the time we shared together. To my family in New York, Svetlana, Jelenko, Alan, Dijana, and Ivan—what comfort you guys bring me. Thank you for the support. To my boys I grew up: Martin, Joe, and Dusan---wiffleball, strat-o-matic, Grover Cleveland soccer championship, basketball at Juniper, etc. All cherished memories I reflected on going through this journey...thanks for the support and enthusiasm... To my friends in Tally: Nenad (cim)-countless evening conversations, watching EPL, and changing of flat tires, good times! Glad to call you friend...Damon, from day one you have been like a little bro to me--- the truckin‘ and pluggin‘ finally paid off, thanks for the love bros...Dave, you nut, the most resourceful guy I know, thanks for being a great friend! Moj brat, Stojan, can you believe it brate—where would I be without your friendship (dobo), you have always been there for me...I am lucky to have such a brother! Special thanks to Bx for the laughs, the mishaps, the road trips, and the Leon. You realized my potential long before I did---you are the most genuine person I have ever met ---thanks for always being there for me... Special thanks to Jojo---drinking a Captain, watching March Madness will never ever been the same again for me---also, you are the most clinical person I know when it comes to academics, iv thanks for the prep work... Boys, cannot wait to rock those old school FSU tracktops, first stop Athens!!! Diana, dido, d...the love you show is remarkable! Thank you for the afternoon naps, putting up with me during this process, listening to my crazy business ideas, and being there when I needed you...you are such a caring person with a warm heart! Hvala Diana!!! To the Graduate School for the grant offered to carry out my research in Serbia, I owe you a bottle of plum brandy... Dr. Reynaud, Dr. Kent, Dr. Kim, Dr. Graf, Dr. Giardina, Itay, Des, KP, Stevens, Marie, C-Chez, Nati, Masa, Kyle, H-man, Lovich, Fletch, Robert, Pri, Naylor, Danny, Dutch, Shan, Nick, Zef, Frankie, Vlado, Acquista, Camach, Keith, Rovers (Kyle and Volen), Nasko, Mazz. And everyone else who may have played a role. Thank You. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. xv INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Study ................................................................................................................................... 3 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................................... 7 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................... 9 Delimitations of the study ..................................................................................................................... 9 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Overview of Chapters ......................................................................................................................... 11 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................................................................................................... 12 Identity ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Social Identity Theory ......................................................................................................................... 15 Theories of Nation, Nationalism and National Identity ...................................................................... 17 National identity as a group identity ................................................................................................... 21 Empirical studies examining various identities influencing national identity .................................... 22 Empirical studies of national identity/nationalism/national pride in sport management .................... 26 Sport and community .......................................................................................................................... 28 Team identity ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Team identity-the early work .............................................................................................................. 30 Influences of external group identities on team identity ..................................................................... 31 Measurement of Team Identification .................................................................................................. 32 Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) .................................................................................... 32 Dimmock, Grove, & Eklund (2005) Reconceptualizing team identification .................................. 34 Heere & James GROUP*ID Scale .................................................................................................. 35 Relationship between sport and national identity in Serbia ................................................................ 51 Relationship between sport and national identity in Ireland ............................................................... 53 Relationship between region and national identity in Serbia .............................................................. 55 Relationship between region and national identity in Ireland ............................................................. 57 Relationship between religious and national identity in Serbia .......................................................... 59 Relationship between religious and national identity in Ireland ......................................................... 61 Demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and income) and team identification ............. 63 vi Influence of demographic charactersitics (age, gender, education, and income) on national identity ....................................................................................................................................................... ….66 Influences of demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and income) on regional identity ............................................................................................................................................................ 67 Influence of demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and income)