Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures An International Electronic Journal Volume 9 No. 1 June 2014 Special Issue on A Roadmap for Business Informatics Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2014 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents Editorial Preface 2 Henderik A. Proper and Marc M. 5 Enterprise Architecture – Towards essential Lankhorst sensemaking Ulrich Frank 22 Enterprise Modelling: The Next Steps José Tribolet and Pedro Sousa and Artur 38 The Role of Enterprise Governance and Cartography in Caetano Enterprise Engineering Jorge L. Sanz 50 Enabling Front-Office Transformation and Customer Experience through Business Process Engineering Eng K. Chew 70 Service Innovation for the Digital World Stéphane Marchand-Maillet and Birgit 90 Big Data Management and Analysis for Business Hofreiter Informatics – A Survey Thomas Setzer 106 Data-Driven Decisions in Service Engineering and Management Imprint 118 Editorial Board 119 Guidelines for Authors 120 Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2014 2 Editorial Preface Editorial Preface In 2011 the IEEE Technical Committee on Elec- There is no doubt that Business Informatics is tronic Commerce decided to broaden its scope an inter-disciplinary field of study. It endeav- and, accordingly, rename itself to the IEEE Tech- ours taking a systematic and analytic approach nical Committee on Business Informatics and in aligning core concepts from management sci- Systems. In line with this change in name and ence, organisational science, economics informa- scope it decided to rename its flag ship confer- tion science, and informatics into an integrated ence to IEEE Conference on Business Informat- engineering science. Consequently, the field of ics (CBI). Following these changes, it has been Business Informatics involves a broad spectrum a first priority of the technical committee to ex- of more specific research domains that focus on actly define the meaning of the term "Business important aspects of Business Informatics in the Informatics" in an IEEE context and to underpin above mentioned context. For the first edition un- the need for a Business Informatics Conference der the new title and scope, it has been important under the umbrella of the IEEE. to sharpen the future research directions in the domain of Business Informatics. Thus, we had Evidently, the IEEE as the Institute of Electrical carefully selected appropriate research domains and Electronics Engineers, the world’s largest that represent the IEEE understanding of Busi- professional association for the advancement of ness Informatics. In order to reach a common un- technology, takes a mainly engineering sciences derstanding of these domains in our community, direction when approaching Business Informat- we invited distinguished experts to introduce a ics. In order to find its own scope for the IEEE research domain by defining its scope, its exist- ing body of knowledge, and most importantly Conference on Business Informatics, we have its future research challenges. These keynotes been inspired by Nygaard who defined inform- have been a means to guide the community in its atics as the science that has as its domain in- way forward and provide directions for Business formation processes and related phenomena in Informatics in the IEEE CBI context. artefacts, society and nature. In the spirit of this definition, we consider Business Informat- In this special issue of the EMISA journal we in- ics as a scientific discipline targeting informa- clude seven papers, each based on a IEEE CBI tion processes and related phenomena in a socio- 2013 keynote introducing a research domain in economical context, including companies, organ- Business Informatics. Evidently, these papers are izations, administrations and society in general. neither classical research papers nor pure sur- veys, since they focus to a large extent on the "fu- A key characteristic of Business Informatics re- ture", i.e. the open research challenges (without search is that it considers a real-world business providing a solution). In the following, we define context in developing new theories and concepts the scope of the seven research domains and in that enable new practical applications. Thereby, parentheses we name the author(s) who intro- Business Informatics research does not only ex- duce(s) the domain by a paper presented in this tend the body of knowledge of the information special issue. society, but at the same time provides a tangible 1. Enterprise Architecture (Henderik A. Proper impact to industry. Consequently, Business In- and Marc M. Lankhorst) formatics is a fertile ground for research with the Scope: In contrast to partial architectures such as potential for immense and tangible impact. Or IT architecture or software architecture, enter- put it in other words - Business Informatics is prise architecture focuses on the overall enter- research that matters! prise. Enterprise architecture explicitly incorpor- Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2014 Editorial Preface 3 ates business-related concepts and artefacts in from a unique perspective, namely, the integra- addition to traditional IS/IT artefacts. By embra- tion of information and people’s behaviour. cing an enterprise-wide perspective enterprise 5. Business (Model) & Service Innovation (Eng architecture provides a means for organizations Chew) to coordinate their adaptations to increasingly Scope: Being successful in business no longer fast changing market conditions which impact depends on having the "best" product, but in- the entire enterprise, from business processes to creasingly depends on delivering high quality ser- IT support. vices, through attractive customer-centric busi- 2. Enterprise Modelling (Ulrich Frank) ness models, at affordable costs. This forces en- Scope: Enterprise modelling is concerned with terprises to continuously develop/ innovate their the modelling of different aspects of an enter- services and renew/innovate their business mod- prise (goals, capabilities, organizational struc- els. The world’s evolution toward services-based tures, business processes, resources, information, clusters also brings new trends that blur the tradi- people, constraints, etc.) and their interrelation- tional boundaries across conventional industries, ships. Accordingly, enterprise modelling offers thus generating new opportunities for economies different perspectives of an enterprise suitable of scale and scope. This has led to increasing in- for strategic planning, organizational design and terests by disparate industries around the globe software engineering. It covers the notation and in the "art and science" of the practices of ser- semantics of enterprise modelling languages, the vice innovation. A new concept, called service- processes involved in creating and managing dominant logic, has recently been introduced in models, tool support, as well as quality of model- the business discipline to study service phenom- ling. ena - one that has significant cross-disciplinary implications for the research and design of IT- 3. Enterprise Engineering (Jose Tribolet, Pedro enabled service innovations and the attendant Sousa, and Artur Caetano) service systems. Scope: The enterprise engineering domain aims to apply an engineering based approach to the 6. Empowering & Enabling Technologies (Ste- design of enterprises and their transformation. phane Marchand-Maillet and Birgit Hofreiter) As such, this domain is concerned with the de- Scope: Enabling technologies in Business Inform- velopment of new, appropriate theories, mod- atics integrate management practices with In- els, methods and other artefacts for the analysis, formatics and Information Technologies. design, implementation, and governance of en- Business Informatics tasks may be performed, terprises by combining (relevant parts of) man- supported or monitored by automated or semi- agement and organization science, information automated technologies. Running environments systems science, and computer science. range from thin mobile clients to large-scale dis- tributed platforms, and newer areas such as ana- 4. Business Process Engineering (Jorge Sanz) lytics services, big data. Accordingly, we seek Scope: Business Informatics deals with informa- papers for original and innovative empowering tion processes in organizations, industries and and enabling technologies in domains related to society at large. This concept of "information Business Informatics. in motion" links to business processes deeply. Processes are the expression of the behaviour 7. Data-Driven Service and Market Engineering of organizations and this behaviour leaves foot- (Thomas Setzer) prints in the form of artefacts of all sorts, in- Scope: Economic problems faced by today’s or- cluding information. Thus, Business Informatics ganizations as well as society as a whole de- profoundly intersects with the social enterprise mand interdisciplinary knowledge from econom- Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2014 4 Editorial Preface ics, management and informatics. Thus, eco- Guest Editors’ contact information: nomic modelling of IT-based solutions for ana- Dr. Birgit Hofreiter lytically and statistically formulated economic Electronic Commerce Group problems is subject to this track. In particular, Vienna University of Technology we are interested in the intelligent reduction of Favoritenstrasse