SIOUX FALLS TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD ASSESSMENT PROJECT Topical Report RSI-2014 prepared for City of Sioux Falls Office of Public Works 224 Ninth Street Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104-6407 October 2008 SIOUX FALLS TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD ASSESSMENT PROJECT Topical Report RSI-2014 by Jared K. Oswald Lacy M. Pomarleau RESPEC P.O. Box 725 Rapid City, South Dakota 57709-0725 prepared for City of Sioux Falls Office of Public Works 224 Ninth Street Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104-6407 October 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 NPS PROJECT SUMMARY SHEET ............................................................................... 1 2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED .................................................................................................... 2 2.1 WATER-QUALITY PRIORITY.................................................................................... 2 2.2 SIOUX FALLS TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD PROJECT AREA BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 Big Sioux River Description .............................................................................. 3 2.2.2 Big Sioux River Uses.......................................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Baseline Data and Sources................................................................................ 6 2.3 PROJECT MAPS........................................................................................................... 8 2.4 GENERAL WATERSHED INFORMATION .............................................................. 8 2.5 DESCRIPTION OF WATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS............................................... 15 2.5.1 Total Suspended Solids Initial Data Analysis Summary ............................... 15 2.5.2 Fecal Coliform Bacteria Initial Data Analysis Summary............................... 17 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................ 20 3.1 GOALS ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 OBJECTIVES AND TASKS......................................................................................... 21 3.3 ANTICIPATED SCHEDULE....................................................................................... 42 3.4 SPECIAL PERMITS ..................................................................................................... 44 3.5 LEAD PROJECT SPONSOR ....................................................................................... 44 3.6 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ......................................................................... 44 4.0 COORDINATION PLAN.................................................................................................... 45 4.1 PROJECT SPONSORS................................................................................................. 45 4.2 LOCAL SUPPORT ........................................................................................................ 46 4.3 PROJECT COORDINATION....................................................................................... 46 4.4 SIMILAR ACTIVITIES IN THE WATERSHED........................................................ 46 5.0 EVALUATION AND MONITORING PLAN................................................................... 47 5.1 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ...................................................................................... 47 5.2 MONITORING STRATEGY......................................................................................... 47 5.3 DATA MANAGEMENT, STORAGE, AND REPORTING......................................... 47 5.4 DESCRIPTION OF MODELS USED.......................................................................... 49 5.5 LONG-TERM FUNDING PLANS FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RESTORATION ACTIVITIES................................................ 50 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 6.0 BUDGET................................................................................................................................ 51 7.0 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ................................................................................................. 55 8.0 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 56 ii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 2-1 Waterbodies Being Assessed in the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Assessment Project and Corresponding Impairments Identified in the 2008 Integrated Report ............................................................................................................ 2 2-2 Numeric Criteria for Fecal Coliform and Total Suspended Solids Assigned to Beneficial Uses of Surface Waters in the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area...................................................................................................................... 3 2-3 Public Recreation Areas Near the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area................................................................................................................................... 6 2-4 Site List With Current Status......................................................................................... 9 2-5 Land Area and Population of Counties in the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area ............................................................................................................ 14 2-6 Total Suspended Solids Concentration Grouped by Flow Regime at Key Sites ......... 16 2-7 Fecal Coliform Grouped by Season................................................................................. 18 3-1 Project Monitoring Site List With Recommended Changes ......................................... 25 3-2 Equipment and Sampling Needed for the Big Sioux River TMDL Project ................. 33 6-1 Complete Project Budget Summary ............................................................................... 52 6-2 Big Sioux River Monitoring Budget for Calendar Year 2009....................................... 54 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 2-1 Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area .................................................. 4 2-2 Sioux Falls Drinking Water Source Distribution.......................................................... 5 2-3 Correlation Between Total Suspended Solids and Turbidity....................................... 7 2-4 Western Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion Including the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area .................................................................................................. 10 2-5 Land Use Distribution Map of Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area................................................................................................................................... 12 2-6 Land Use Distribution in the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project Area................................................................................................................................... 13 2-7 South Dakota Precipitation Normals for 1971–2002 .................................................... 13 2-8 South Dakota Growing Season Precipitation in Inches................................................ 14 2-9 Median Total Suspended Solids Concentration Grouped by Flow Regime at Key Sites................................................................................................................................... 15 2-10 Median Fecal Coliform Concentration Grouped by Flow Regime at Key Sites .......... 18 3-1 Process Flow for the Big Sioux River Total Maximum Daily Load Development ...... 22 3-2 Sampling on the Big Sioux River, Three Key Tributaries, and the Diversion............ 23 3-3 Project Monitoring Site List With Recommended Changes ......................................... 26 3-4 Annual Hydrograph for BSR010 (USGS 06481000) ..................................................... 27 3-5 Potential Monitoring Points for Urban Storm Drain Sampling................................... 32 3-6 Graphic Comparison Example of Optimal Runoff Volume Capture Ratio and the Normalized Best Management Practice Design Volume (Depth) to Determine the MEP Design Depth .......................................................................................................... 37 3-7 Example Load Duration Curve for E. coli...................................................................... 38 3-8 Schedule for the Sioux Falls Total Maximum Daily Load Project............................... 43 5-1 Thematic Layers of the ArcHydro Data Models............................................................... 48 iv 1.0 NPS PROJECT SUMMARY SHEET AWARD FISCAL YEAR: 2009 PROJECT TITLE: Sioux Falls, TMDL Assessment Project NAME, ADDRESS, PHONE AND E-MAIL OF LEAD PROJECT SPONSOR: City of Sioux Falls Department of Public Works-Engineering 224 W. Ninth Street Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57117-7402 Phone: 605.367.8601 Fax: 605.367.4310 Email: [email protected] PROJECT TYPE: Watershed, I&E PROJECT LOCATION: Latitude 43°N Longitude 96°W WATERSHED NAME: Lower Big Sioux River Watershed HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODE (HUC): 10170203 HIGH PRIORITY WATERSHED: Yes POLLUTANT TYPE: E. coli, Fecal Coliform, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) TMDL DEVELOPMENT: Yes TMDL IMPLEMENTATION: No UWA CATEGORY: 5 TMDL PRIORITY (High, Medium, Low): Medium/High WATERBODY TYPES: River, Streams ECOREGION: Northwestern Great