HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 270–273 • AUG 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FirstFEATURE ARTICLESRecord of Interspecific Amplexus . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: betweenOn the Road to Understandinga Himalayan the Ecology and Conservation of the Toad, Midwest’s Giant Serpent Duttaphrynus ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: himalayanusA Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................ (Bufonidae), and a RobertHimalayan W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES Paa. TheFrog, Texas Horned Lizard Nanorana in Central and Western Texas ....................... vicina Emily Henry, Jason(Dicroglossidae), Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida from ............................................. the BrianWestern J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Himalaya Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, andof Michael India Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...............................................................................................................................V. Jithin, Sanul Kumar, and Abhijit Das .............................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 Endangered. The “Dow Species Jones ManagementIndex” of Biodiversity Department, ............................................................................................................................... Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand,............ 248001, 225 India ([email protected] [corresponding author], [email protected]) HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 PROFILE nterspecific amplexus in amphibians has been reported (Decemson et al. 2020); Anamalai Dot Frog (Uperodon ana- . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 Iamong taxa belonging to different orders (Moldowan et al. malaiensis), Terrestrial Frog (Fejervarya sp.), and Anamallais 2013; Simović etCOMMENTARY al. 2014), families (e.g., Sodré et al. 2014; Indian Frog (Indirana brachytarsus) (Harpalani et al. 2015); Theis and Caldart .2015;The Turtles Melo-Sampaio Have Been Watching and Me ........................................................................................................................Da Silva 2017), Malabar Gliding Frog (Rhacophorus Eric Gangloff 238 malabaricus) and and genera (e.g.,BOOK Groffen REVIEW et al. 2019; Pedro and Nali 2020). Common Indian Treefrog (Polypedates maculatus) (Sayyed In India, interspecific. Threatened amplexus Amphibians has been of the Worldreported edited bypreviously S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann,2013); MalabarJ.S. Chanson, Tree N.A. ToadCox, (Pedostibes tuberculosus) and Asian between the Nicobar IslandR. Berridge, Frog P. Ramani, (Indosylvirana and B.E. Young nicobariensis ..............................................................................................................) Common Toad (Duttaphrynus Robert Powellmelanostictus 243 ) (Sayyed and and Berdmore’s Narrow-mouthed Frog (Microhyla berdmorei) Nale 2017); Kalakkad Treefrog (Rhacophorus calcadensis) and CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Fig. 1. Fully (left) and partially submerged (right) interspecific amplexus between a male Himalayan Toad (Duttaphrynus himalayanus) and an adult Himalayan Paa Frog (Nanorana vicina) of unknown sex in the Binog Mountain Quail Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India. Photographs by V. Jithin. Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 270 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. JITHIN ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(2): 270–273 • AUG 2021 R. malabaricus (P. Manoj in Sayyed and Nale 2017); Indian Himalayan Paa Frog is endemic to the Himalayan Region Burrowing Frog (Sphaerotheca breviceps) and D. melanostic- of India and Pakistan (Ahmed et al. 2020; Gill et al. 2020). tus (Vivek et al. 2014); Terai Treefrog (Polypedates teraiensis) Relatively little is known about the reproductive mode and and White-lipped Treefrog (Polypedates braueri) and Cope’s ecology of this montane stream-dwelling species (Sircar Assam Frog (Hydrophylax leptoglossa) (Muansanga et al. 2010). 2021); Ghate’s Shrub Frog (Raorchestes ghatei) and Mottled At 2300 h on 23 March 2021, during a herpetological Globular Frog (Uperodon mormoratus) and Ornate Narrow- survey, we observed a male D. himalayanus (SVL 73.0 mm) in mouthed Frog (Microhyla ornata) (Sayyed and Padhye 2020); axillary amplexus (Carvajal-Castro et al. 2020) with an adult and Bombay Bubble-nest Frog (Raorchestes bombayensis) and N. vicina of unknown sex (SVL 91.5 mm) (Fig. 1). The pair M. ornata (Yadav and Yankanchi 2014). was submerged in a pool of a stream in the Binog Mountain Herein we report the first observation of interspecific Quail (Mussoorie) Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India amplexus between a Himalayan Toad, Duttaphrynus himala- (30.46781°N; 78.02983°E; WGS84; 1,648 m asl). Water yanus (Günther 1864), and a Himalayan Paa Frog, Nanorana and air temperatures were 9.3–9.5 °C and 9.7–9.8 °C, respec- vicina (Stoliczka 1872). The Himalayan Toad is widely dis- tively. After six minutes of observation under a red light, the tributed in the Himalayan Region of China, Pakistan, Nepal, pair moved slowly and hid under the bedrock. We noticed Bangladesh, Bhutan, and India (Frost 2021). The mating the frog trying to escape from the toad by pushing it against system of this explosive breeder is not well understood, even the edges of the bedrock. After the failed attempt, the pair though scramble competition among males, and female mate emerged from under the bedrock, extended their heads above choice are reported to play small roles (Zhang et al. 2020); the surface of the water, and remained in a vertical position however, that same study found no apparent size-dependent while holding onto the substrate. They occasionally moved pairing in the southeastern Tibetan population of the spe- around in the water and were generally quiescent until 0029 cies. At our field site, we have occasionally observed male h on 24 March 2021, when they disappeared under thick Himalayan Toads amplecting with other males for periods overhanging vegetation. We encountered the same pair on that last only a few minutes. In this population, males actively the next day at 2241 h in a running section of the stream, search for females, are quick to mate, and satellite males have 1 m from the site of the initial observation. We determined been observed trying to displace amplecting males. The that these were the same individuals by examining the mark- Fig. 2. Mucus secretion observed during the interspecific amplexus between a male Himalayan Toad (Duttaphrynus himalayanus) and an adult Himalayan Paa Frog (Nanorana vicina) of unknown sex in the Binog Mountain Quail Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India. The inset shows a close-up view of the secretion. Photographs by V. Jithin. 271 JITHIN ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(2): 270–273 • AUG 2021 ings on the frog and wart patterns on the toad (Bindhani and M.Sc. Dissertation Grant for financial support to VJ for field- Das 2018). This time the pair was partially submerged and work during which we made this incidental observation. We the toad’s eyes were partially closed (Fig. 2). At this time, we thank Swati Nawani for her assistance with fieldwork, and observed mucus secretion near the forelimb of the toad but Chan Kin Onn, Curator of Herpetology, Natural History were unable to confirm whether it was secreted by the toad or Museum, Singapore University, for providing the ZRC refer-