15 - 11 - ERDC/CERL TR Center for the Advancement of Sustainability Innovations (CASI) Army Overseas Water Sustainability Study Elisabeth M. Jenicek, Natalie R.D. Myers, June 2011 Laura Curvey, and Sarah B. Nemeth Construction Engineering Construction Laboratory Research Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Center for the Advancement of ERDC/CERL TR-11-15 Sustainability Innovations (CASI) June 2011 Army Overseas Water Sustainability Study Elisabeth M. Jenicek, Natalie R.D. Myers, and Sarah B. Nemeth Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) US Army Engineer Research and Development Center 2902 Newmark Dr. Champaign, IL 61822-1076 Laura Curvey University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Information for the Center for the Advancement of Sustainability Innovations can be found at: https://casi.erdc.usace.Army.mil/ Final Report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for US Army Environmental Policy Institute Arlington, VA 22202 Under: Work Unit 4H9044 ERDC/CERL TR-11-15 ii Abstract A key concern for the US Army is the vulnerability of military installations to critical resource issues. Water issues of concern (adequate supply, cost of production, quality, habitat degradation, and salinity) already impact military installations and military operations around the globe. There is a need to assess vulnerability of regions and installations to water supply and to develop strategies to ameliorate any adverse effects on military sustainment. This work assessed regional water scarcity as it affects Army installations in three overseas locations (US Army Garrison Grafenwöhr, Germany; US Army Garrison Vicenza, Italy; and US Army Garrison Humphreys, Korea) to ensure continued viability and sustainability of Army operations. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CERL TR-11-15 iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures and Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Preface .................................................................................................................................................. viii 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 3 Approach ................................................................................................................................... 3 Mode of technology transfer .................................................................................................... 3 2 Water Vulnerability Issues for Overseas Installations ................................................................ 4 Global Water Trends of Concern .............................................................................................. 4 Increasing global demand ........................................................................................................... 4 Groundwater depletion ................................................................................................................ 5 Global climate change ................................................................................................................. 5 The right to water ......................................................................................................................... 6 Energy and water ......................................................................................................................... 7 Overseas Army water challenges ........................................................................................... 10 3 European Theater Case Study ..................................................................................................... 12 Water trends of concern ........................................................................................................ 12 Water quality .............................................................................................................................. 12 Transboundary waters ............................................................................................................... 12 Groundwater depletion .............................................................................................................. 13 Rising demand for water ........................................................................................................... 14 Climate change .......................................................................................................................... 16 Flooding ...................................................................................................................................... 17 European water policy ............................................................................................................... 18 Germany overview .................................................................................................................. 20 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Demographics ............................................................................................................................ 21 Water resources in Germany ..................................................................................................... 21 Expected impacts of climate change ........................................................................................ 23 Water policy in Germany ............................................................................................................ 23 US Army Garrison Grafenwoehr ............................................................................................. 24 Region of analysis ...................................................................................................................... 25 Regional water management factors........................................................................................ 26 Stadt Grafenwoehr hydrogeologisches modell für das einzugsgebiet “mittlere creussen” (Water supply model) ............................................................................................... 27 Numerisches grundwassermodell eschenbach, Grafenwoehr ................................................ 27 ERDC/CERL TR-11-15 iv Water Demand model ................................................................................................................ 29 Future water scenarios .............................................................................................................. 33 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 36 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 37 Italy Overview .......................................................................................................................... 37 Geography, Topography, and Land Use .................................................................................... 37 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Water Quality .............................................................................................................................. 38 Demographics ............................................................................................................................ 39 Water resources ......................................................................................................................... 39 Expected impacts of climate change ........................................................................................ 40 Water policy ................................................................................................................................ 40 US Army Garrison Vicenza...................................................................................................... 42 Region of analysis ...................................................................................................................... 43 Regional water management factors........................................................................................ 45 Water supply model ..................................................................................................................