Environmental Baseline

Environmental Baseline

Chapter 7 Environmental Baseline SCP Expansion Project, Georgia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Final TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE........................................................................7-1 7.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................7-1 7.2 Geology, Geomorphology and Geohazards..............................................7-1 7.2.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey................................................. 7-1 7.2.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods.......................................................... 7-2 7.2.3 Baseline Geology ......................................................................................... 7-2 7.2.4 Baseline Geomorphology ............................................................................. 7-6 7.2.5 Baseline Geohazards ................................................................................... 7-6 7.2.6 Geological Sensitivities ................................................................................ 7-8 7.3 Soils and Ground Conditions ....................................................................7-9 7.3.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey................................................. 7-9 7.3.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods........................................................ 7-10 7.3.3 Baseline Soils............................................................................................. 7-12 7.3.4 Soil Erosion Potential ................................................................................. 7-24 7.3.5 Soil Sensitivities ......................................................................................... 7-27 7.4 Landscape and Visual Receptors ...........................................................7-27 7.4.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................... 7-27 7.4.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods........................................................ 7-27 7.4.3 Baseline Landscape Character .................................................................. 7-29 7.4.4 Landscape Sensitivities.............................................................................. 7-32 7.5 Surface Water.........................................................................................7-34 7.5.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................... 7-35 7.5.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods........................................................ 7-35 7.5.3 Baseline Surface Water.............................................................................. 7-38 7.5.4 Surface Water Sensitivities ........................................................................ 7-41 7.6 Groundwater ...........................................................................................7-42 7.6.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................... 7-42 7.6.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods........................................................ 7-48 7.6.3 Baseline Groundwater................................................................................ 7-51 7.6.4 Groundwater Sensitivities........................................................................... 7-57 7.7 Ecology ...................................................................................................7-58 7.7.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................... 7-58 7.7.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods........................................................ 7-64 7.7.3 Baseline Ecological Conditions .................................................................. 7-71 7.7.4 Ecological Sensitivities ............................................................................... 7-91 7.8 Climate and Air Quality ...........................................................................7-92 7.8.1 Climate Information from Desktop Literature Survey.................................. 7-92 7.8.2 Air Quality Information from Desktop Literature Survey ........................... 7-100 7.8.3 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods...................................................... 7-102 7.8.4 Baseline Air Quality .................................................................................. 7-106 7.8.5 Air Quality Sensitivity................................................................................ 7-118 7.9 Noise.....................................................................................................7-120 7.9.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................. 7-120 7.9.2 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods...................................................... 7-120 7.9.3 Baseline Noise Measurement .................................................................. 7-122 7.9.4 Noise Sensitivity ....................................................................................... 7-130 7.10 Cultural Heritage ...................................................................................7-131 Environmental Baseline i March 2013 SCP Expansion Project, Georgia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Final 7.10.1 Information from Desktop Literature Survey............................................. 7-131 7.10.2 Overview and Context of Georgian Heritage Resources.......................... 7-131 7.10.3 Data Gaps and Field Survey Methods...................................................... 7-137 7.10.4 Baseline Archaeological Conditions ......................................................... 7-139 7.10.5 Archaeological Sensitivities...................................................................... 7-144 7.11 Key Environmental Sensitivities ............................................................7-150 7.11.1 Key Sensitivities at KP0–KP55 and CSG1............................................... 7-150 7.11.2 Key Sensitivities at CSG2 , the Access Road and Access Road Construction Camp ................................................................................................................. 7-152 7.11.3 Key Sensitivities at PRMS........................................................................ 7-153 Tables Table 7-1: Soil Fertility Sample Locations .............................................................7-10 Table 7-2: Soil Types Recorded along SCPX Pipeline..........................................7-13 Table 7-3: Topsoil Classification and Density based on Particle Size Distribution and Field Logs ......................................................................................................7-15 Table 7-4: Baseline Soil Fertility Chemical Analysis Results.................................7-16 Table 7-5: Phase 1 Survey Features Observed ....................................................7-17 Table 7-6: Definition of Erosion Classes ...............................................................7-24 Table 7-7: Erosion Classification on SCPX ROW .................................................7-25 Table 7-8: Parameters and Methods for Surface Water Analysis..........................7-37 Table 7-9: Maximum Flow rates at a Range of Flood Events – Mtkvari East River.. 7-38 Table 7-10: Results of Laboratory Analysis from Mtkvari East River.....................7-38 Table 7-11: Maximum Flow Rates at a Range of Flood Events – Algeti River ......7-40 Table 7-12: Results of Laboratory Analysis from Algeti River ...............................7-40 Table 7-13: Parameters and Methods for Groundwater Analysis by Gamma .......7-50 Table 7-14: Results of Laboratory Analysis from Monitoring Wells at CSG1 Development Site (2011 and 2012)................................................................7-51 Table 7-15: Historical Data from PSG1 .................................................................7-53 Table 7-16: Results of Laboratory Analysis from Monitoring Wells at CSG2 Development Site (24 May 2012)...................................................................7-54 Table 7-17: Historical Analyses of Groundwater in vicinity of CSG2 (2006–2010) 7-55 Table 7-18: Results of Groundwater Conditions Encountered at Monitoring Well Locations (6 June 2012).................................................................................7-56 Table 7-19: Results of Groundwater Conditions Encountered at Area 80 Potable Water Supply Wells (During Drilling) ..............................................................7-56 Table 7-20: Key Species Identified in Desktop Literature Survey..........................7-59 Table 7-21: Results of Post-construction Surveys Undertaken along the SCP/BTC Pipeline (2005–2009) .....................................................................................7-61 Table 7-22: Survey Timings and Locations ...........................................................7-66 Table 7-23: Area (m2) of Permanent Plots for Different Habitats...........................7-66 Table 7-24: Phase 1 Domin Scale of Cover-Abundance.......................................7-67 Table 7-25: Habitats Recorded along Proposed Pipeline Route ...........................7-72 Table 7-26 Number of Fish Caught during Aji Survey in September 2012............7-77 Table 7-27: Fish Species Found in Aji River Based on Historical Landing Data and Interviews with Fishermen..............................................................................7-78 Table 7-28: Fish species found in Mtkvari River Based on

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