3/9/20 Asterids Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids . milkweeds, nightshades, and morning glories . (1) fused petals (2) stamens = or less than number of petals (3) stamens fused to petals (4) pistil of 2 (rarely more) carpels 1 2 *Gentianaceae - gentian family *Gentianaceae - gentian family Cosmopolitan family of 80 genera and nearly 900 species. Herbs to Gentiana is 5 merous, with small trees (in the tropics) with opposite leaves. plaits between each petal lobe CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 4-5 G (2) Flowers 4 or 5 merous; pistil superior of 2 carpels; parietal placentation; fruit capsular Gentiana andrewsii - Bottle Gentiana puberulenta - Prairie gentian gentian 3 4 1 3/9/20 *Gentianaceae - gentian family *Gentianaceae - gentian family Gentianopsis is 4 merous with fringed petals Gentianella is 4- 5 merous, without fringe, and without plaits between petal lobes Gentianella quinquefolia - stiff gentian Gentianopsis virgata - fringed gentian 5 6 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family Mainly tropical family of trees and CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G 2 vines with opposite leaves. Milky latex commonly poisonous and Flowers 5 merous, small, and with source of medicinal drugs. 2 separate carpels. Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynum sibiricum Vinca minor - periwinkle Hemp dogbane Introduced ground cover, often spreading 7 8 2 3/9/20 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G 2 Milkweeds different! Flowers are highly modified for Fruits are follicles with cottony specialized insect pollination. seeds for wind dispersal. Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynum sibiricum Hemp dogbane Asclepias - milkweeds 9 10 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family Note 2 free carpels slightly fused at top Unusual corona structure for nectar reward _______ _______ CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 Corona = hood + crest Corona = hood + crest Gynoestegium = A + G Gynoestegium = A + G Pollinia = pollen mass Pollinia = pollen mass 11 12 3 3/9/20 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family Fusion of 5 stamens and top of gynoecium Gland is attached to two pollinia _______ _______ CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 Corona = hood + crest Corona = hood + crest Gynoestegium = A + G Gynoestegium = A + G Pollinia = pollen mass Pollinia = pollen mass 13 14 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family Bee removing pollinia or inserting pollinia into stigmatic cleft _______ _______ CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 CA (5) CO (5) X 5 A 5 G 2 Corona = hood + crest Corona = hood + crest Gynoestegium = A + G Gynoestegium = A + G Pollinia = pollen mass Pollinia = pollen mass 15 16 4 3/9/20 **Apocynaceae - dogbane family **Apocynaceae - dogbane family “Las Vegas” strategy of pollination; but when occurs, all ∞ ovules are fertilized. Typically few follicles are produced per plant. Note seeds with coma attached for wind dispersal. Asclepias tuberosa - Butterfly weed Asclepias syriaca - Common milkweed Asclepias amplexicaulis - Clasping milkweed Asclepias incarnata - Swamp milkweed 17 18 **Rubiaceae - coffee family **Rubiaceae - coffee family Important & large family of trees/shrubs in the pantropics Opposite or whorled leaves Opposite or whorled leaves Inter-petiolar stipules Inter-petiolar stipules __ CA (4) CO (4) A 4 G (2) All species in Wisconsin Coffea arabica - coffee All species in Wisconsin The family has inferior ovary. are 4 and in the tropics are 4 and in the tropics are 5-merous Galium - Bedstraw are 5-merous Galium - Bedstraw 19 20 5 3/9/20 **Rubiaceae - coffee family **Rubiaceae - coffee family Galium obtusum Wild madder Galium aparine - cleavers Cleavers and bedstraws are numerous; separated by number of whorled leaves and fruit type Galium lanceolatum - wild licorice 21 22 **Rubiaceae - coffee family **Rubiaceae - coffee family Cephalanthus occidentalis - buttonbush Only shrub in Wisconsin; restricted to riparian forest or lake edges. Note “heads” of tiny flowers. Houstonia caerula- azure bluets Special concern 23 24 6 3/9/20 **Rubiaceae - coffee family *Solanaceae - nightshade family • Large cosmopolitan family of alternate- Mitchella repens leaved herbs, vines, or shrubs with cyme Partridge berry, twin-berry inflorescences • Important family for nasty compounds (and drugs) • Important for source of foods (potato, tomato, pepper) Note: paired flowers above Solanum dulcamara with connate pistils; Bittersweet “twin” berry to right 25 26 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family edible fruits include . drug plants include . Capsicum - pepper Nicotiana tabacum Solanum - tomato & eggplant Atropa belladona Brugmansia Datura innoxia 27 28 7 3/9/20 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (2) CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (2) • 5- merous flowers • stamens often terminal pored for buzz • axile placentation pollination by bees • berry fruited Capsicum - pepper Solanum carolinense - Solanum dulcamara Solanum carolinense - Horse nettle Bittersweet Horse nettle 29 30 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (2) • berry fruited - often with persistent calyx Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Physalis alkekengi - Japanese lantern Solanum dulcamara - bitterweet 31 32 8 3/9/20 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family Physalis virginiana Ground cherry Note: calyx surrounding berry Solanum carolinense - Horse nettle 33 34 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family Datura stramonium Datura stramonium Jimson-weed (Jamestown weed) Jimson-weed (Jamestown weed) Introduced, hallucinogenic Introduced, hallucinogenic roadside weed roadside weed . also called thorn- . also called thorn- apple apple Wisconsin Medical Journal 2005 35 36 9 3/9/20 *Solanaceae - nightshade family *Solanaceae - nightshade family Datura stramonium Jimson-weed (Jamestown weed) Introduced, hallucinogenic roadside weed . also called thorn-apple Wisconsin Medical Journal 2005 also called “moonflower” 37 38 **Convolvulaceae - morning-glory family **Convolvulaceae - morning-glory family Largely tropical family of 55 genera Calystegia sepium and nearly 2000 spp. Twining herbs Hedge bindweed with alternate leaves. Note: 2 large bracts below calyx Convolvulus - bindweed CA 5 CO (5) A 5 G (2) Flowers strongly funnelform with plicate Convolvulus arvensis corolla tube (with fold lines). Fruit usually Field bindweed Ipomoea purpurea capsular. Note: no floral bracts Morning-glory: cultivated 39 40 10 3/9/20 *Convolvulaceae - morning-glory family *Cuscutaceae - dodder family Cuscuta (Cuscutaceae) is actually part of the Convolvulaceae! • Twining habit (for support) has gone parasitic (support + food + water; no chlorophyll) Cuscuta gronovii Common dodder Cuscuta glomerata Rope dodder Cuscuta spp. - dodder 41 42 11.