Crawley Borough Local Plan 2015 – 2030 December 2015 CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 0 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 1 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 PAGE ONTENTS C : NUMBER: Foreword 4 1. Crawley’s Local Plan 5 o Sustainability Appraisal 8 o Infrastructure Plan 8 o Local Plan Map 9 o Duty to Cooperate 9 o Monitoring and Review 10 o Supporting Guidance Documents 11 o Key Diagram 12 Crawley 2030: A Vision 13 2. Crawley 2030 14 o Spatial Context 14 o Planning Policy Context 20 3. Sustainable Development 23 SD1 Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development 23 4. Character 25 CH1 Neighbourhood Principle 27 CH2 Principles of Good Urban Design 28 CH3 Normal Requirements of All New Development 29 CH4 Comprehensive Development and Efficient Use of Land 31 CH5 Standards for All New Dwellings (including conversions) 31 CH6 Tree Planting and Replacement Standards 33 CH7 Structural Landscaping 34 CH8 Important Views 35 CH9 Development Outside the Built-Up Area 38 CH10 High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 40 CH11 Rights of Way and Access to the Countryside 41 CH12 Heritage Assets 41 CH13 Conservation Areas 44 CH14 Areas of Special Local Character 45 CH15 Listed Buildings and Structures 46 CH16 Locally Listed Buildings 47 CH17 Historic Parks and Gardens 48 5. Economic Growth 49 EC1 Sustainable Economic Growth 50 EC2 Economic Growth in Main Employment Areas 54 EC3 Manor Royal 57 EC4 Employment Development and Residential Amenity 59 EC5 Primary Shopping Area 60 EC6 Development Sites within the Town Centre Boundary 62 EC7 Retail and Leisure Development outside the Primary 64 Shopping Area EC8 Neighbourhood Centres 65 EC9 Rural Economy 67 6. Housing 68 H1 Housing Provision 74 H2 Key Housing Sites 76 H3 Future Housing Mix 81 H4 Affordable and Low Cost Housing 83 CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 2 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 PAGE ONTENTS C : NUMBER: H5 Gypsy, Traveller and Travelling Showpeople Sites 85 H6 Houses in Multiple Occupation 87 7. Environment 89 ENV1 Green Infrastructure 91 ENV2 Biodiversity 93 ENV3 Local Green Space 95 ENV4 Open Space, Sport and Recreation 96 ENV5 Provision of Open Space and Recreational Facilities 98 ENV6 Sustainable Design and Construction 98 ENV7 District Energy Networks 101 ENV8 Development and Flood Risk 103 ENV9 Tackling Water Stress 106 ENV10 Pollution Management and Land Contamination 108 ENV11 Development and Noise 109 ENV12 Air Quality 111 8. Infrastructure 113 IN1 Infrastructure Provision 114 IN2 Strategic Delivery of Telecommunications Infrastructure 115 IN3 Development and Requirements for Sustainable Transport 115 IN4 Car and Cycle Parking Standards 117 IN5 The Location and Provision of New Infrastructure 118 IN6 Improving Rail Stations 118 IN7 Crossovers 119 9. Gatwick Airport 121 GAT1 Development of the Airport with a Single Runway 122 GAT2 Safeguarded Land 123 GAT3 Gatwick Airport Related Parking 124 GAT4 Employment Uses at Gatwick 125 Appendix A: Sustainability Objectives 127 Appendix B: Local Plan Objectives & Planning Policy Context 129 Appendix C: Supporting Guidance Documents 131 Background Studies and Evidence Base Documents 133 Glossary 138 Definitions 138 Abbreviations 151 Noise Annex 153 Housing Trajectory 1 April 2015 165 CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 3 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 Foreword Crawley 2030, our Local Plan, is an important document which sets the way forward for planning the future of our town – where we live, work and visit – for the next 15 years. The document will provide the basis for future planning decisions in Crawley. The Crawley Borough Local Plan 2015 – 2030 follows feedback from residents, businesses and other stakeholders to the various stages of consultation and engagement throughout its production. The Local Plan provides a clear indication of the council’s approach to the development of the town, including character, economic growth, housing, environment, infrastructure and Gatwick Airport. It provides the strategic planning policies for the borough. Councillor Peter Smith Cabinet Member for Planning and Economic Development Crawley Borough Council CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 4 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 Crawley’s Local Plan 1.1 Planning affects us all. The homes we live in, the places we work, the open spaces where we relax and the roads we travel on are all a result of planning decisions that have been made. Crawley Borough Council has now developed a new Local Plan that will help to guide development in Crawley over the 15 years from 2015 – 2030. 1.2 This document forms the Crawley Borough Local Plan (referred to as the “Crawley 2030”), and comprises a ‘sound’, and legally compliant, Plan1. It contains the strategic planning policies and principles to help shape the future of the town. 1.3 This Local Plan replaces the Core Strategy (2008) and the saved Local Plan policies (2000). It sets out the strategic priorities for Crawley and the strategic policies to deliver: • Homes and jobs • Provision of retail, leisure and other commercial development • Provision of infrastructure for transport, telecommunications, water supply, wastewater, flood risk management, and energy • Provision of health, security, community and cultural infrastructure and other local facilities • Climate change mitigation and adaptation • Conservation and enhancement of the natural and historic environment, including landscape2 • Control of Gatwick Airport. Preparation of Evidence Base & Previous Stages of Consultation 1.4 The Crawley Borough Local Plan is based on the results of technical studies and the views of residents, businesses, statutory consultees and other interested parties gathered through previous consultation. Evidence Base 1.5 It is essential that, to meet the requirements set by national guidance, the Local Plan is underpinned by an adequate, up-to-date and relevant evidence base3 about the economic, social and environmental characteristics, needs and prospects of the area. In light of this, extensive studies have been carried out to ensure Crawley’s Local Plan will reflect the locally distinctive issues, challenges, and opportunities, unique to the town. These include the following: • Deliverability of the Local Plan: Viability Assessment; Sustainability Appraisal; Infrastructure Plan. • Housing Needs: Housing Implementation Plan; Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA); Locally Generated Housing Needs Assessment and Objective Assessment of Crawley’s Housing and Employment Needs; Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) and Housing Trajectory; Urban Capacity Study; At Crawley Study. 1 A ‘sound’ Plan is: Positively Prepared; Justified; Effective; and Consistent with National Policy; National Planning Policy Framework, paragraph 182 (2012) DCLG 2 National Planning Policy Framework, paragraph 156 (2012) DCLG 3 National Planning Policy Framework, paragraph 158 (2012) DCLG CRAWLEY 2030: CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2015 – 2030 5 CRAWLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL DECEMBER 2015 • Employment Land Requirements: Economic Growth Assessment (EGA); Employment Land Review (ELR) and Employment Land Trajectory (ELT); Retail Capacity Study; Town Centre Retail Update. • Constraints and Assets: Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA); Baseline Character Assessment; ASEQs and Locally Listed Buildings Heritage Assessment; Noise; Safeguarding; Built-Up Area Boundary; Landscape Character Assessment; Historic Parks & Gardens Review; Open Space Study and Review; Green Infrastructure Plan; Transport Modelling. 1.6 More detail regarding the technical studies is included within the topic chapters, where appropriate, supporting the context and justification for the policies and a full list can be found at the end of this document. The evidence base studies are available alongside the Local Plan to support the implementation of the policies. Consultation 1.7 Six stages of public consultation informed the preparation of Crawley’s Local Plan. Each of these sought to consider the wide range of issues and opportunities associated with the future development and potential growth of Crawley over the next 15 years. Four separate stages of consultation took place as part of the ‘early engagement’ to inform plan preparation, with a statutory stage of formal consultation taking place prior to the submission of the Plan for independent examination. A final, focused, stage of consultation was undertaken during the Examination to allow scrutiny of the council’s proposed modifications. Issues & Options: 1.8 The council began the first stage of consultation for the Core Strategy Review (‘Issues and Options’) in May 2009. The consultation invited feedback on 13 topic papers that summarised key issues facing Crawley over the coming years. As part of the consultation, a Stakeholder Workshop was held in May 2009. 1.9 To reflect changes that occurred since 2009 a further six-week period of public consultation was carried out in January and February 2012. This involved events across the borough including holding an exhibition in every neighbourhood, the town centre, the main town leisure centre (K2 Crawley) and in a supermarket (Tesco), during which local residents, employees and visitors were offered the opportunity to feedback their views on a series of themed questionnaires. In addition to this, the use of social media and the local press, and the council’s own website offering internet-based questionnaires, evidence