Review study on Vacuum cleaners Draft final report Viegand Maagøe A/S Van Holsteijn en Kemna B.V. October 2018 The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission Prepared by Study team: Mette Rames, Annette Gydesen, Baijia Huang, Michelle Peled and Larisa Maya-Drysdale (Viegand Maagøe A/S) René Kemna and Roy van den Boorn (Van Holsteijn en Kemna B.V.) Quality assurance: Annette Gydesen (Viegand Maagøe A/S) Contract managers: Viegand Maagøe A/S Project website: www.ecovacuumcleanerreview.eu Implements Framework Contract: ENER/C3/2015-619-LOT 2 Specific contract no.: ENER/C3/FV 2017-438/03/FWC 2015-619 LOT2/05/SI2.757436 This study was ordered and paid for by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy. The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. This report has been prepared by the authors to the best of their ability and knowledge. The authors do not assume liability for any damage, material or immaterial, that may arise from the use of the report or the information contained therein. © European Union, October 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). 2 I. Preface This draft final report for the review study of the Ecodesign and Energy Labelling Regulations for vacuum cleaners is the second delivery of the specific contract. As specified in the contract the draft final report concerns all tasks of the MEErP methodology, and is intended to create the basis for discussion at the second stakeholder meeting, including recommendations for revision of the Regulations. Task 1 outlines the scope of the regulation and of the review study as well as the relevant standards and legislations related to vacuum cleaner energy consumption, durability and resource efficiency. Task 2 gives an overview of the vacuum cleaner market including sales, stock and base data on consumer costs, as well as an overview of market development trends and production structures. Task 3 regards the user behaviour, especially looking at robot and cordless vacuum cleaners in order to suggest representative testing and energy consumption calculation at later stages of the study. Furthermore, the end-user relevance of the current test standards is discussed. Task 4 reviews the technical aspects of vacuum cleaners as products, and outlines the current technology levels in terms of average and best available technologies, on both component and product level. Besides the energy consumption effect, the technologies are also reviewed in terms of resource efficiency. Task 5 defines the base cases and the environmental and economic impact of each of them. The environmental impact is both the energy consumption in the use phase as well as the material consumption and impact categories in given in the EcoReport tool. The environmental impact is calculated as the product life cycle cost for the end-user for each base case. Task 6 outlines the design options for improving the environmental of the base cases without causing excessive costs for the end-users. Design options are outlined for both energy and resource efficiency improvements. Task 7 defines policy options for each base case based on the viable design options and presents the results on the scenario analyses that estimates the environmental and economic impact of each of the policy options. The specific aspects to review according to article 7 of both Regulations are: • The review of both regulations in light of technological progress • The review of verification tolerances to be used by Member State authorities for market surveillance purposes • whether full size battery operated vacuum cleaners should be included in the scope and • whether it is feasible to use measurement methods for annual energy consumption, dust pick-up and dust re-emission that are based on a partly loaded rather than an empty receptacle 4 II. Table of Contents I. Preface .......................................................................................................... 3 II. Table of Contents ......................................................................................... 5 III. List of tables ...............................................................................................11 IV. List of figures ..............................................................................................14 V. Summary ......................................................................................................18 I. Scope ........................................................................................................19 II. Standardisation and legislation...................................................................20 III. Market data .............................................................................................22 IV. Use patterns ............................................................................................24 V. Technology overview ...................................................................................27 VI. Environmental and economic impacts .........................................................32 VII. Design options .........................................................................................33 VIII. Scenarios ............................................................................................34 1. Scope ...........................................................................................................40 1.1 Product scope ..........................................................................................40 Definitions from the regulations ...........................................................40 Definitions from preparatory study .......................................................42 Definitions from standards ..................................................................43 Description of products .......................................................................44 Bagged vs bagless vacuum cleaners .....................................................49 Alignment of definitions ......................................................................49 Recommendations ..............................................................................53 1.2 Review of relevant regulations ...................................................................55 Legislation and agreements at EU level .................................................55 Voluntary agreements at Member State level .........................................61 Legislation and agreements at third country level ...................................61 1.3 Review of relevant standards .....................................................................64 Mandate 540 .....................................................................................64 Safety standards ................................................................................65 5 Material efficiency standards ................................................................66 WEEE and RoHS standards ..................................................................66 Other relevant standards .....................................................................68 Consumer organizations ......................................................................75 2. Market data: sales and stock ...........................................................................77 2.1 Production and trade ................................................................................77 2.2 Sales data ...............................................................................................80 Market values ....................................................................................84 2.3 Lifespan ..................................................................................................85 2.4 Stock ......................................................................................................87 2.5 Energy and performance ...........................................................................88 Energy ..............................................................................................89 Cleaning performance .........................................................................91 Dust re-emission ................................................................................93 Sound power .....................................................................................94 2.6 Market structure and -actors......................................................................95 Industry ............................................................................................95 Distribution structure ..........................................................................97 Other actors ......................................................................................97 2.7 Consumer expenditure base data ...............................................................97 Interest and inflation rates ..................................................................98 Consumer