The Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio The Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio mediately engaged the Spanish ships and batteries at Cavite. Destroyed eight President-Editor .... .... WALTER J. SHERMAN Secretary-Treasurer . .. .. W JLLIAM H. BLACK of the former including the Reina Christina and Castilla. Anchored at noon 1st Vice-President . .. ... WALTER A . EVERSMAN Librarian ........ ... .. ... NEVIN 0. WINTER off Manila. Also one large steam transport." The seven in the above quota­ 2d Vice-President . ... .. WILLIAM A. GOSLINE Assistant Librarian ...... .. .... .. CARL VITZ tion had been crossed out and eight written above. The last line explains the 3d Vice-President . ... MRS. LOUIS A . MENNELL addition of one ship. Term expiring 1935- Term expiring 1936- Term expiring 1937- NEVIN 0. WINTER WILLIAM F. BROER WALTt:R A. EVE RSMAN So early did the battle begin that the night pennant of the U. S. S. WILLIAM A. G OSLINE MRS. KENT HAMILTON JULIAN H. TYLER "Olympia," tlagship of the tleet, tlew from the masthead all during the engage­ TRUSTEES { BLAKE-MORE GODWIN SILAS E. HURIN RICHARD D. LOGAN ment because no one thought to replace it. It is a blue pennant with a single GEORGE D. WELLES MRS. Lours A. MENNF.LL FRED BISSELL white star, a small thing to have had such a dramatic history. A plate from EDMUND T . COLLINS WALTER J. SHERMAN ARTHUR T . SECOR the bridge of the "Olympia" deeply dented by a glancing shell tells graphically OFFICES of the tlrce bombardment the ships of both nations underwent. A mass of President-Editor-800 2nd National Bank Building silver coins half melted by the heat which were to have been used to pay off Secretary-Treasurer-16th Floor-2nd National Bank Building the Spanish crew were taken from one of the vessels destroyed by fire. Dewey's beautiful Congressional sword with heavy gold embossed hilt BULLETIN No. ~VOL. 7 APRIL, 1935 and a gold eagle etched on its blade was one of the greatest honors he received from a grateful country. His handsome service sword used during the Civil War when serving as lieutenant on the steam sloop "Mississippi" under Far­ ragut Is also here. Dewey often said in after years that his experience under the first admiral of our Navy constituted the most valuable training of his TARHEE, THE CRANE-CHIEF OF THE WYANDOTS career. It must have given him great pleasure, therefore, to receive Farragut's By the Hon. Caleb H. Norris, 1849-1923 tlag of command from one Bartholomew Diggins in 18 9 9 among the many unusual souvenirs with which be was showered upon his return to the United (An address delivered before the Historical States. The large gold cup and medal set with diamonds, sapphires, and Society of Northwestern Ohio) rubles given him by the City of New York are nearby, while countless other decorations and miniatures fill cases about the room. FIRST PRINTING -Chicago Historical Society Leaflet. Enemies Become Friends The Chicago Historical Society has recently issued an illustrated hand­ My ancestors fought England in every war our people had with her. book full of interesting Information. The Society was founded in 1856. The They took part in nearly every Indian campaign; and the many things that new home at Clark and North Avenue facing Lincoln Park and Lake Michigan I have heard repeated when a boy, never made me feel friendly to the British. is the fourth it has built to house its ever expanding collections. But now I can truthfully say, that I am glad the United States and England The library comprises 75,000 volumes and is particularly rich in its are friends. I am glad the United States and England are allies. More than collections of early manuscripts, newspapers and maps. 105 years have passed since hostility existed between the two nations. The The Society has undertaken to depict the "Story of a Nation" in the United States and England have saved democracy for the world. They have so called "Period Rooms" of the new building including the Spanish Ex­ grown to know and to appreciate each other; and I believe that henceforth plorations, French Explorations, British Colonial, Indian Room, Pioneer they will remain in firm and loyal friendship each with the other. But when Room, Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Washington Room, Western Ex­ I speak tonight of the ancient enmities of the two countries, I do truthfully pansion, Civil War, Chicago Fire, Spanish-American War, the World War, recite history. the Columbian Exploration, the Costume Gallery, the Carriage Room, the Gun Room, Marine Room and many others of great interest. Fallen Timbers and Greenville The victory of General Wayne over the Confederated Indian Tribes and their English allies at Fallen Timbers, and the resulting peace concluded by Wayne with the Indian Tribes at Greenville, were together the most important and far-reaching events that had yet arisen in the life of our young Country, since the colonies had achieved their independence. The Battle of Fallen Timber was fought on the 20th day of August, 1794, within 12 miles of this spot, in the center of the most historic section of this state. The Treaty of Peace with the Indian Tribes was signed at Fort Greenville, now in Darke County, Ohio, on the 3rd of August, 1795, lacking but seventeen days of one year after Wayne's victorious battle. English Incite Indians Against Americans For over twenty years before that date, from the commencement of the war between the colonies and the mother country, up to the date of that treaty, every means had been resorted to, that could be devised by England and her representatives, to incite the hostility of the savages, against the de­ fenseless inhabitants of the American border. It did not cease with the Treaty of 1783, the Treaty of Paris, which brought the independence of the The Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio colonies, but continued with unabated and successful effort up to the Peace of Greenville. Peace With Spain The year that passed between Wayne's victory and the Treaty of Green­ Thomas Pinckney, in the meantime, for the United States, negotiated a ville, was but the result of unceasing effort of Lord Dorchester, the Governor­ treaty with Spain, signed on the 27th of October, 1795, three months after general of Canada, (he, who during the Revolutionary War, was known as the Treaty of Greenville, by which Spain agreed to. sur~ender posts. h~ld. b~ Sir Guy Carlton;) and Lieutenant-governor Simcoe, and McKee, and Elliott, her, in our western territory; agreed to the free nav1gat10n of the M1ss1ss1pp1 and Simon Girty, and other British agents, to arouse Indian hostility into River by citizens of the United States; fixed the middle of that stream as our further and continued action, against the Americans. western boundary, from the head of that river south to the 31st degree north latitude; and also agreed upon a line fixing the southern boundary of our territory. England Occupies American Territory for Thirteen Years The Blessings of Peace Mter Treaty of Paris In 1796 Tennessee became a state. In 1798 the Territory of Mississippi was organized. In 1799 representative government was established in the England had refused to surrend& the northwestern posts, so-called, which she had agreed to surrender by the Treaty of Peace with the colonies, Northwest Territory. On the 1st of March, 1803, Ohio was admitted into th.e and had thus, at that date, held those posts for near thirteen years in the Union. And within 63 days after Ohio was made a state, concluded on April 30th, 1903, signed on May 3rd, France having acquired L~ui.siana, the face of that treaty. And England had built within five months before Wayne's United States bought Louisiana from France-more than a m1lhon square victory, a strong military post at Miami, within nine miles of this spot, and miles of territory. had garrisoned that fort with troops and artillery. It was concededly over 40 miles within and from our northern boundary, running through Lake I speak of these things to show what benefits peace offer.ed to the Erie. And this without permission, without justification, ·without excuse, and young republic. During all of the period of these events, the Umted States without apology. And she held that post during Wayne's campaign, and for was at peace with the Indian Tribes. A peace that had been wrought by .the over eleven months after the Treaty of Greenville was signed. victory of Wayne at Fallen Timbers, followed by the Treaty of Greenville. The young republic had been weak and poor and almo~t bankrupt_. The .first They had hoped and expected, that by constant wars with the Indian opportunity ever given her was given by the peace with the Indian Tribes. Tribes, the settlement of the region west of the Alleghenies would be halted, The wilderness was being settled and she was growing in strength. The young and that the young and poor and weak republic, would have to yield up republic was at peace and could devote her resources and attention to matters the territory northwest of the Ohio River, which would again come under other than war. the British crown. Never before in its life, from the Battle of Lexington to the day at Greenville had the United States tasted the blessings of profound peace; Spain Refuses to Relinquish Her Mississippi Posts with her it had been continuous war in some part of her domain. And Spain was not far behind in that hope to acquire a part of the The Strength of the Indian Tribes territory of the young republic.