UPPSALA UNIVERSITY The Department of Musicology Pär Sandmark Östa Byväg 45 740 45 Tärnsjö Romans Inspiration The Source of Classic improvisation Supervisor: Professor Sten Dahlstedt The Department of musicology Table of contents Chapter 1: Sid. 1.1. Issues 3 1.1.2. The conceptual explanations 3 1.2 Previous research 4 1.3 Method 5 1.4 Demarcation 6 1.5 Order 7 Chapter 2: Background 7 2.1 18th century Sweden 7 2.1.1 Romance living history 7 2.2 Environment description of Romans surroundings 8 2.2.2. The working environment in the country 8 2.2.3 Church environment in the 18th century 9 2.3 Music as a science 10 Chapter 3: Investigation 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Carolina handwriting library 11 3. The examination of individual autograph manuscripts 15 3.3.1. The concepts of improvisation and composition 15 3.3.2. Källkritisk study in harmonik 18 3.3.3 Rhythmic study 23 3.4 Romans Improvisations material – Corelli's music 27 3.4.1. Contemporary recording of Corelli's music 28 .3.4.2 Comparison of Corelli and Roman 29 3.5 Method of composition analysis 30 Chapter 4: Discussion 35 Chapter 5: Summary 40 Chapter 6: Conclusions 41 The source and bibliography 42 Annexes 1-5 45 1. Introduction 1.1. Issues Bach, Mozart and Beethoven improvised. If today's technology with recording had been invented in their time we would have had lots of interesting music to listen to which documents and fraya of how the old masters of improvisation. We have in our time music virtuoser documented as well as improvisatörer as participants.A transcription of solon can today be made so that we can learn to play approximately as Charlie Parker or Keith Jarrett. But how, for example, Mozart played when he improvised? He mixed hardly blues scale in the middle of Elvira Madigan, or played a atonalt solo in his Requiem. This study of "the Swenske Virtuosen "[1] novel who got to play with Händel, I try to find clues how great musicians created their music for 300 years ago. 1.1.2. Conceptual explanations What is improvisation? [2] Many books have been written on this subject. I continue the beginning of this paper to clarify some concepts of what I mean by improvisation, etc. when I use the term. Free improvisation sometimes referred to as a way to musicera. Free creation is a different concept in as art. Free improvisation would to involve a katts walk on a piano keyboard. Or a prominent with the voice of sound created without using the language that we have learned since childhood. The equivalent in jazz could be a "solo" spräck-[3] a saxofonist who play without trying to think. [4] Modal improvisation , means to play in a tonality that fits chords that music is made up of , [5] This is typical of improvisation over the composition of this essay is about. Multiple words are for this such as harmonious, tonal or melodic improvisation, [6] which will be further discussed in Chapter 5. Atonal improvisation corresponds to find to music with the tolvtonsteknik, that is, to mix the chromatic [7] scale Twelve tones to a musical context. Random music, is another concept which can be to let a electronic instruments random "play" toner. This is not improvisation in my opinion, when the word, requiring human creation. judgment[8]) The cat's walk on the piano falls under this concept in my reasoning. Ornamentation is improvisation based on a more rigorous view used much music during the Baroque period, when the word is something less common do I use it quite free from my own starting point which may not be fully consistent with the classic more trained musikantens, then I choose this essay to try to make me understood even by jazz or pop musician. 1.2. Previous research Novel research began to be shown at a sermon after his death at the Science Academy sermon 1767 by Abraham Sahlstedt [9] which then researchers Patrik Vretblad bearbetat in his monograph on the novel "Swedish music's father" [10] and has It compiled a list of romance works then further manufacture of researchers Bengtsson [11], Anna Martiniwindow Holm and Eva Helenius-Öberg. Literature in English are reproduced in e-tidsskriften Early Music which music researchers such as Neal Zaslaw and h. j. Marx and the musician John Holloway discussed romance virituositet and his technology compared with today's jazz metodik. [12] "Objectives for this work are specified in the introduction. The should also indicate, that the only a first stage in the study of a tonsättargärning, whose map permissionsbasic probably will require not only by several researchers but by several Research-generations "[13]. This is the introduction of Bengtssons monumental treatise on Roman, containing lots of information about romance compositions. The aspect of Romans art of improvisation affects Bengtsson, however, only with a few lines, and rename it ornamentation [14]. I believe that the novel in his handwriting, managed to convey to us how improvisation sounded in the 18th century in a wider concept than only ornamentation as later in this paper. Gunno Klingfors [15] and Svein Erik Tandberg [16], both written dissertations involving improvisation and typical appearance.They use both modern technology with a bright example of improvisation stored on CD or the Internet to illustrate their research. [17] 1.3. Method By studies of manuscripts of instant critical transcription, [18] I would like to study the harmonic, melodic and rhythmic content of music on the basis of the knowledge we all know about music theory. A requirements by typing c-uppsats is also in my teachers in music history Kia Hedell [19] to something new should be presented in this. I do this in section 3 and the method for This is described in section 3.5. For best reproduction of notes and text achieved, I recommend reading the paper on the monitor to use blue background with white text. [20] 1.4. Demarcation I restrict myself in my analysis to a single document of handwriting by j h Roman, and his musicians-know-how. In manuscripts and time document, I wish to also search track how novel learned to musicera. Music that Roman used by their handwriting coming from Italy with a composition from Corelli, Sonata 5 launched 1 jan in 1700, the backbone of the manuscripts that are included in this study and Why is part of the boundary. Interfaces with Händel as romance "teachers" and Italian influences from romance voyages, but I will limit music analysis to romance handwritten skissartade documents related to the Corelli's sonata 5, a pressure of Sonata 5. A study in romance original documents are also being made over what is attributed to him; Te Deum, which may also have will present as composer. Music analysis be limited to the most commonly used way used in today's improv technologies, with an analysis, addressed in relation to the practice in force in the romance time (continuo). A combination of these two systems is provided in order to bring together the knowledge of classical improvisation with current knowledge, primarily within the jazz improvisation. 1.5. Order The aim with this essay is to better understand how improvised music implemented sooner, and consequently to inspire more impromptu music in our concert halls of classical music. A further aim is to by increased understanding of the traditional musikernas and composers improvisational skills, also in a subsequent step increase knowledge about improvisation can lead to composition in classical tonality. 2. Background 2.1 18th century Sweden Sweden that power was in despair after bulkhead fredriskhald then Warrior King Charles XII died. We now know not what was recorded on his funeral, [21] in church of Stockholm where his relics are kept. A few years earlier (1712) was the young Roman granted by the King to education: "on the någre åhr travelling til at perfectioner in musiquen "[22] First at the end of the year 1715/16 was the trip and then to London with the German Händel as was nine years older than Roman as the leading name. [23] Where did he play with Händel of his Orchestra and " He certainly from its location in the Orchestra this evening after evening been able to study Will continuo-games, and his leadership of the singers and musicians ' [24] Five year lasted stay and homecoming became Roman the natural leader of Hovkapellet which he reformed as prominent educationalist and nydanare. 1731 the organisation he the first public concerts in Sweden. [25] Roman added their knowledge, perhaps delight Warrior konungens? [26]– That Sweden should have peace and quiet to exercise science and music instead of the desolate wars at Europe's borders. 2.1.1. Romance living history Ample literature on this and a few examples, see the literature list. 2.2 Environment description of Roman´s working environment 2.2.1. The working environment on the countryside Roman lived and appeared in Stockholm, on his home outside Kalmar (Haraldsmåla), [27] and in abroad at his travels to England. I choose my environment description Leufstabruk in the North of Sweden for the study of architecture, building stocks and the Church with its content of one of Sweden's preserved organs from romance contemporaries; Cahmanorgeln, [28] to get insight on his Habitat that inspired his musicerande. IN Leuftsabruk is a conserved electrical environment that was created with economic prosperity, Swedish iron and foreign skilled Finnish handwork. The Church and the organ gives many valuable tips on the 18th century and romance, likewise the practice as skaparmiljö It was the largest in Sweden and a cultural centre in Sweden, at the time of my research subject.