LIFE OF DAVID-HANDOUT 1 1 Samuel25:10 A. "Who is David?" 1,]J tn t"P:-]? B. "And who is the sonof Jesse"(Hebrew, ben-Jesse) ?l HebrewParallelism or HebrewSvmmetry (Narrative and Poetry): Whatis A ("Who is David?") And What is More, B ("Who is ben-Jesse?") Illustration: Whatis A: "Washme thoroughly from my iniquity" (Ps.51:2a) And Whatis More,B: "And cleanseme from my sin." (Ps.5l:2b) Whatis A: o'ForI know my transgressions."(Ps. 5l:3a) And Whatis More,B: "And my sin is everbefore me." (Ps.51:3b) Biblical-theological Paradi gm: ProtologicalDavid (David the First) EschatologicalDavid (David the Last) (Basedon the languageof the GreekNew Testament:protos: "first"; eschatos:"last") Archaeology FoundationStones of David's Palace(Eilat Mazar,attached) Tel Dan Inscription(attached) Date Davidreigned 40 years(2 Sam.5:4) (1010-970 B.C.) Saulreigned 40 years(Acts 13:21) (1050-1010 B.C.) Solomonreigned 40 years(1 Kings Il:42) (970-930B.C.) CurrentDiscussion: Hermeneuticsof Inspiration Historicityof David, Jerusalemand the UnitedMonarchy K.A. Kitchen(On the Reliabilityof the Old Testament),Gleason Archer (Survey of Old TestamentIntroduction), Eugene Menill (Kingdomof Priests) Hermeneuticsof Suspicion David asa Myth, Inventionof 7fr B.C. Judaism,Rogue, "Mobster" and"Thug" IsraelFinkelstein (Bible Unearthed),Baruch Halpern (David's Seuet Demons), StevenMcKenzie (King David:A Biography) Macrostructure:I Samuel15-31 David'sRise and Saul's Demise: or Constitutionof David'sKingdom and Destitutionof Saul'sKingdom A. Sauland Amalek (1 S 15)+ DavidAnointed King (16)-+ Deathof Samuel(25:I) Shiftfrom Kingdomof Saulto Kingdomof David(I524-29) A'. Davidand Amalek (1 S 30) + DavidActs as King (30:26ff.)- Deathof Saul(31) OR A. David'sRise and Exile to thePhilistines (1 S 16-21) NarrativeTransition Point: Slaughterof the Priestsof Nob (I S 22) A'. Saul'sDemise and Death by thePhilistines (1 S 23-31) DisplacementMotif (young)Samuel ---+ (old) Eli (1 Sam.3) (young)Saul -'(old) Samuel(l Sam.8, 9) (young)David --+ (old) Saul(1 Sam.16) (young)Solomon ---+ (old) David (l Kings2) ?Step-StoneNarrative Pro gression Eli (Judge)--- Samuel(Prophet/Judge) Samuel(Judge/Prophet) --+ Saul (King) Saul(False King) --+David (TrueKing) David (Wanior King) --- Solomon(King in Shalom) Literary Aspectsof Nanativs Prama Sceneor Looation Settingor Occasion Plot or Narrative DeveloPrnent Characterization Redernptive-Historicalof Biblioal-TheologicalDrama Microstructure: 1 Samuel16: 1:13 Sugeestion#l (SpatialMotif) "samuelwent to Ramah"(15:34) Shift: "samuel . cameto Bethlehem"(16:4) "samuelwent to Ramaho'(16:13) Suegestion#2 (OccasionMotif) "horn" "oil" (16:1) Shift: Saulto David ' "hoflil""oil" (16:13) Suggestion#3 (CharacterMotif) Samuel(16:l) Shift:David (16:6-13) Sarnuel(16:13) .i{ ' lhd.- iJi:. ;..*"5K8-*"\i F<-- ]:trau{'::'f l:t,,'.[bSi ::'.d llr r0!y' li;r1J.'j ..:;a# il"*s & Y privctetsreetttc dwelltngr I >' Y-' L j # '',-u-1-' , c. 1000E.C,E. *N l0th-6th centwisrBI.E. 0:,i!ft 5th crntury8,G.E. .! r "l , It tf, a ,. ,& The First RoyalInscriptiontrom Ancient hrael 173 that we aredealing with epigaphers'mirages are indeedremote. We arg however,moving on slipperyground, and the readermay judge whetherthe proposalsmade in this article are convincingor not. For easeof reference,I will first give the editors' text and tanslation, followedW my own anda commentary. Text andtanslation of Biran andNaveh ("A New Fragme,nt",12' l3): l. I lnril Twslrl I 2. I l;by.:ysq[;lwh"bhJtlfuh.b'-l-.1 3.wyilib.'by.yhk' ll.'[email protected]{l 4.r' l.qdm.b'rq.'byl.wlyhmllc hddl.l'W.l 5.'rrt.wyhhhdd" Cdt ryl.wl' pq.mr. .f,'[t --] 6.y. nlky.i qtl. nllbt. i bl'n.'sry.'llW.r I 7.Ib.w'lpy.pr|.lqtlt.'yt.ylnufrm.br.f h'b1 8.mlhy#Lwqtllt. y.' fulylu'.brfyhwrm.mll + 9.k.bytdwd.w'6tt.l 1 10.yt.'rq.hm,Ilyimn I ll.'firn.wlh-f wyhw'ml 12.lk'l.y3l/1. ut'frfl.l 13.my.'ll. 1 l. I..,...1 ... t...1 ando$ [...] 2. [. ..] ny fatherwe,nt up [againsthim whenh]e fouehtat [... ] 3. andmy fatherlay donm,he wentto his [ancestors(vu. becamesick and died)].And theking of I[s-] 4. rael enteredpreviously in my father'sland, [and] Hadad made me king, 5, And Hadadwe,nt in frontofme, [and]I departedfiom theseven [...-] 6. s of my kingdom, and I slew [swe]nty kin[Ss], ufro harnessed thou[sandsofcha-] 7. riots and thousendsofhorsemen (or: horses).I killed Jeho]ramson of tAhabI 8.king of Israel,and [] killed [Ahaz]iahuson of pehoramkin-l 9. g of the Houseof David,and I set[their touns into ruinsand tumed ] 10.their landinto [desolatim ] ll. othcr[... andJehuru-] 12.led overIs[rael andt laid] 13.siegeupon [ ] Text and franslation: | . ['n h. hwy J t [, ] b.' lbdy. ml E ;lw gzrf. dynh.l 2. Ibzlhtl.' by.ys glpnh. bhlt lhnh. b' b[y.] 3. wy|kb.'by.yhk'lf.qrytJh.wfl.nfuI4 4. f l.q dm. b' r q.' by[.wlyhml k hddl.l'[ty.l 5.'nh.wyh:lchdd-qdmyl.wl'pS.n-b'1...1 6.y.mlby.w'qtl.mllor ir\n.'sry.'llpy. rf .