PB2002-102489 1111111111111111111111111111111111 $€IENTIFIC ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY TEAM ~VERI7'IEW OF RIVER-FLOODPLAIN ECOLOGY IN fUE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN David L. Galat and Ann G. Frazier, Editors !1:r~'()IQ(!'pir(utl Maj"Of(I(!ment into the 21st Century REPRODUCED BY; NTIS. U.S. Department of Commerce -~-­ NatIOnal !echnicallnformation Service Springfield, Virginia 22161 The study region of the Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team is the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the United States, as shown by the shaded region in the figure above. Cover art: The shaded area of the map shows the extent of the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the United States and selected large rivers. The drawings depict, clockwise from upper left, raccoon (Procyon lotor) feeding on a crayfish, mayfly nymph (Hexigena sp.), sauger (Stizostedion canadense), and the federally listed least tern (Sterna antillarum) holding a minnow. All are important species within the Upper Mississippi River Basin floodplain ecosystem. Drawing of the least tern is by Julie Zickefoose from u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990, Recovery plan for the interior population of the least tern (Sterna antillarum): Twin Cities, Minn., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 90 p. Other drawings are by Carl Burger from Walden, H.T., 1964, Familiar freshwater fishes of America, 2d ed.: New York, Harper and Row, 324 p.; Burger's drawings are reproduced with the permis­ sion of HarperCollins. SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY TEAM OVERVIEW OF RIVER-FLOODPLAIN ECOLOGY IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN David L. Galat and Ann G. Frazier, Editors Volume 3 of Science for Floodplain Management into the 27st Century John A. Kelmelis, Editor Recommended fonn for citing chapters in this volume is as follows: Authors of chapter, 1996, Title of chapter, in Galat, D.L., and Frazier, A.G., eds., Overview of river­ floodplain ecology in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, v. 3 ofKelmelis, J.A., ed., Science for floodplain management into the 21st century: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. x-yo The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team. Any use of trade, product, or finn names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Published in 1996 For sale by U.S. Govemm<;nt Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data ISBN 95-150688 PREFACE The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team (SAST) There are five volumes in this report, which is entitled was established by a directive of the White House on Science for Floodplain Management into the 21 st Century. November 24, 1993, in response to the major flooding in the The volume names and contents have changed slightly since Midwestern United States in 1993. The SAST was charged the publication of Volume 1 and are as follows: with providing scientific advice and assistance to officials Volume 1. Preliminary Report ofthe Scientific Assess­ responsible for making decisions with respect to flood mentandStrategy Team documents the general recovery in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, and also scientific background and specific analyses pro­ developing and providing information to support the deci­ vided to the FMRC for use in deliberations to sionmaking process regarding both nonstructural and struc­ produce their Report ofthe Interagency Flood­ tural approaches to river basin management. The team plain Management Review Committee to the consisted of senior scientists and engineers from the U.S. Administration Floodplain Management Task Geological Survey, Federal Emergency Management Force. (The Preliminary Report is also consid­ Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. ered Part V of the FMRC report.) It provides an Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, overall summary ofSAST's findings and makes National Biological Service, Environmental Protection recommendations for future analysis and data Agency, and National Weather Service. When the inter­ needs. agency Floodplain Management Review Committee (FMRC) formed on January 10, 1994, the SAST became a Volume 2. Upper Mississippi River Basin Data Base and part of the FMRC for the duration of the FMRC activity. In Clearinghouse provides a detailed description June 1994, when the FMRC disbanded, the SAST continued of the data and data base for users. This conducting scientific analyses and building a data base of includes samples of metadata, descriptions of scientific information to support the management of the the strengths and weaknesses of the data, acqui­ Upper Mississippi River Basin. sition methods, data maintenance plans, and In order to meet its objectives, the SAST met at the data distribution methods. Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center Volume 3. Overview ofRiver-Floodplain Ecology in the in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, where it conducted 10 weeks Upper Mississippi RiverBasin contains a series of intensive activity in early 1994. There the team began of papers commissioned by the SAST to pro­ gathering data related to the 1993 floods and the Upper Mis­ vide background information about the ecology sissippi River Basin in general, analyzed the effects of the of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. These floods, and started examining issues pertaining to floodplain papers are being published to ensure that this and river basin management. Experts in ecology, hydrology, publicly funded analysis is readily available to hydraulics, geomorphology, and many other fields were the public. called upon to provide the team with information and data. Volume 4. Selected Studies on Natural andHuman Fac­ The preliminary results of this effort were provided to the tors Related to Flood Management in the FMRC for inclusion in their report and were also published Upper Mississippi RiverBasin contains a series in the SAST Preliminary Report. After March 1994, the of papers commissioned by the SAST to pro­ team members returned to their home offices and worked as vide background information about the hydrol­ a distributed group in order to finish research, to develop a ogy and hydraulics of the Mississippi and data clearinghouse for the SAST data base, and to document Missouri Rivers. These papers are being pub­ the significant amount of information provided to or devel­ lished to ensure that this publicly funded analy­ oped by the team. The information is documented in this sis is readily available to the public. multivolume report so that it will be available to resource managers and researchers to improve the understanding and Volume 5. Proceedings ofthe Scientific Assessment and management of river basins and floodplains. This report Strategy Team Workshop on Hydrology, Ecol­ reflects the enormous efforts of the team and of many other ogy, andHydraulics contains papers presented people who contributed to the team's activities. As a series, by workshop speakers and selected discussions the report volumes contain a broad overview of the hydrol­ by the workshop participants. ogy, ecology, physiography, and geomorphology of the Additional reports and scientific papers documenting Upper Mississippi River Basin and its floodplains, as well the results of SAST analyses currently in progress will be as data on the impacts of the 1993 floods and implications published in the scientific literature as they become for future river basin and floodplain management. available. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors thank the following individuals and their agencies for reviewing one or more of the chapters herein. Their suggestions greatly enhanced the overall content ofthis document. Bill A. Bertrand, Mississippi River Program, Illinois Department of Conservation Jerry Brabander, Missouri Ecological Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Al Buchanan, Environmental Services, Fish and Wildlife Research Center, Missouri Department ofConservation Jane Bush, Environmental Services, Fish and Wildlife Research Center, Missouri Department ofConservation Gordon Farabee, Fisheries Division, Missouri Department of Conservation Steve Havera, Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station and River Research Laboratory, Illinois Natural History Survey Dr. K.C. Jensen, Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dr. W. Carter Johnson, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, South Dakota State University Dr. Kent Keenlyne, Missouri River Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Michael LeValley, Missouri Ecological Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dr. David McConville, Biology Department, Saint Mary's College, Winona, Minnesota Dr. J. Frank McCormick, Graduate Program in Ecology, University ofTennessee, Knoxville Dr. William F. Pflieger, Fish and Wildlife Research Center, Missouri Department of Conservation John Pitlo, Jr., Bellevue Research Station, Iowa Department of Natural Resources Jerry L. Rasmussen, Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dr. Jim L. Richardson, Soil Science Department, North Dakota State University Sara Rogers, Environmental Management Technical Center, National Biological Service Dr. Mark Ryan, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri Dr. Richard Sparks, Center for Aquatic Ecology, Illinois Natural History Survey Norman Stucky, Planning Division, Missouri Department ofConservation