Objectives The objectives of this course are both subject-specific and general. General objectives include the development of oral, written and research skills as the course requires students to become able to read, absorb and critically assess IR 616 a significant amount of complex (and at times contradictory) material. The Individual, National and Global Security subject-specific objectives include developing students’ • understanding of contending approaches to the study of Spring 2006 security; • knowledge and understanding of the key literature in the discipline; • knowledge and understanding of Security Studies Pınar Bilgin beyond their immediate area of interest; + A313 • ability to analyse contemporary security policies and (290) 2164 practices from a conceptual perspective; [email protected] • ability to assess the implications of adopting critical http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~pbilgin approaches for the study and practices of security Monday 16:40-17:30, Tuesday 10:40-11:30 around the world. and by appointment Teaching Aims Despite the prevalence of state-based ('national security') approaches to Since the course is taught as a post-graduate level seminar, the onus is on security during the Cold War, alternative ways of thinking about security— you to read widely around the topics. The seminars on occasions may include focusing on the individual and society—also developed during this time period. mini lectures designed to introduce and/or contextualise that week’s topic, but In the post-Cold War era the primacy of state in considerations of security has you will be doing most of the work. My role will be to provide a basic overview come under increasing challenge from a variety of perspectives. This course is of that week’s topic, offer you contending perspectives on the issues designed to provide a critical overview of (1) state-based approaches to concerned, and seek to generate a discussion structured around a set of security in an increasingly globalised world; (2) alternative approaches to questions. The aim is to encourage you to think independently and critically security that focus on individual, societal and/or global security. The strengths whilst remaining firmly grounded in the knowledge provided by the and weaknesses of these approaches will be highlighted through a readings. consideration of cases such as Turkey's national security, societal security and the role of security culture in Turkey-EU relations, regional security in the The following list is by no means exhaustive. It should rather be viewed as a Middle East and human security in the developing world. representative sample of the existing literature. In the pages that follow, you will find a list of required and recommended readings for each week. Our discussions will be based mostly on the required readings. The lists of recommended texts are there to provide a broader context as well as more detail, which may be useful as a starting point and reference for written 1 2 assignments or future studies. You are advised to do your readings in the Assessment 1 order they are presented. 30% of your assessment will be based on in-class participation. This will take the form of participating in class discussions, which will be structured What you should remember at all times is that good discussions depend on around questions that will be provided in advance (i.e. questions that you will serious preparation by students. You are strongly encouraged to read the have time to prepare for). You will be expected to demonstrate evidence of texts carefully and prepare written answers to the questions to ensure having read and thought about that week’s topic. thorough preparation especially in the first few weeks of the course when you are less experienced in participating in seminars. It is critical that you do all 70% of your assessment will be based on a research project. In this your readings and come in ready to take active part in class discussions. assignment, you are expected to choose one country and critically analyse its This is critical not only for your own intellectual development but also because ‘national security’ conception. The country of your choice, which cannot be participation counts towards 40% of your overall grade. your country of origin, has to be approved by me before you start the research process. When analysing your country of choice, you are expected to make Please be reminded that you will only be in a position to do well in your use of the conceptual/theoretical material covered in class—i.e. presenting a assignments if you have attended the classes and read the literature (all of the descriptive/historical analysis of the case is not acceptable. When grading required texts plus some of the recommended ones). Coming to the classes your paper, I will be looking for evidence of grasp of the literature covered in prepared is necessary not only because this constitutes a part of your class as well as case study material. assessment, but also because this will help you understand the course In order to be able to provide maximum guidance to you throughout the material much better so that you would be in a very strong position to do well research process, I have broken down the project into three steps: in your exams/assignments. 1. An annotated bibliography (20% of the overall grade) due by April 3, 2006, 17:30. In this assignment, you are expected to provide You are required to attend all the classes (in accordance with the University short (maximum one paragraph) descriptions of the sources that you regulations). If you cannot attend please let me know beforehand, or contact are planning to use in your project (including encyclopaedia articles, me (immediately) afterwards to provide a ‘legitimate’ excuse for your absence. reference books, bibliographies, books, academic articles, book Attendance will be taken and absences will be noted. chapters, policy articles, popular magazines, web pages as well as official documents). 2. An annotated outline (20% of the overall grade) due by April 28, 2006, 17:30. In this assignment, you are expected to prepare an outline of your research project (preliminary argument, sub- arguments, etc.) annotated with the sources you are planning to use to support those arguments. 3. The research paper itself (30% of the overall grade). This paper 1 should not be longer than 2000 words and is due by May 12, 2006, Please note that this does not apply to the recommended texts which are listed in alphabetical order. 17:30. 3 4 WEEK I Introduction In-class discussions What I am looking for WEEK II Old and New Thinking About Security • Evidence of active listening Required readings • Evidence of reading and independent thinking • Ken Booth, ‘Security and Self: Reflections of a Fallen Realist,’ in Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases, Keith Krause and • Gradual development of seminar skills Michael Williams, eds. (London: UCL Press, 1997) 83-119. • Keith Krause and Michael Williams, ‘From Strategy to Security: Foundations of Critical Security Studies’, in Critical Security Studies: I will be using the following criteria to assess your performance Concepts and Cases, Keith Krause and Michael Williams, eds. (London: UCL Press, 1997) 33-59. • Stephen Walt, 'The Renaissance of Security Studies,' International Evidence of having read the required material Studies Quarterly 25 (1991) 211-239. Relevant contribution Concern not to dominate the discussion Avoidance of anectodal / irrelevant accounts Recommended readings Encouragement / enablement of others’ contributions • Ken Booth and Eric Herring, ‘Strategic Studies or Security Studies,’ Respectful treatment of others’ beliefs, values and opinions in Keyguide to Information Sources in Strategic Studies (London: Evidence of ability to identify and evaluate different theoretical positions, bias, and Mansell, 1993). orientation • Bernard Brodie, 'Strategy as a Science,' World Politics 1:4 (1949) Confident handling of critical concepts and analytical terms 467-488. Ability to respond effectively to constructive feedback • Hedley Bull, 'Strategic Studies and Its Critics,’ World Politics 20:4 (July 1968) 593-605. • James Der Derian, ‘The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche and Baudrillard,’ in On Security, R.D. Lipscutz, ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995) 24-45. • Lawrence Freedman, 'Strategic Studies,' in International Relations: British and American Perspectives, Steve Smith, ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985). • John Garnett, ‘Strategic Studies and its Assumptions,' in Contemporary Strategy, 2nd rev. and enl. ed., John Baylis et al, vol.I (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1987) 3-29. • Colin Gray, 'Clausewitz Rules, OK? The Future is the Past—with GPS,' in The Interregnum, Michael Cox, Ken Booth and Tim Dunne, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) 161-182. • Colin Gray, 'New Directions for Strategic Studies? How Can Theory Help Practice?' Security Studies 1:4 (1992) 610-635. • Bradley S. Klein, Strategic Studies and World Order: The Global Politics of Deterrence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). • Joseph S. Nye, Jr. And Sean M. Mynn-Jones, ‘International Security Studies: A Report of a Conference on the State of the Field,’ International Security, 12:4 (1988) 5-27. 5 6 WEEK III Individual and/or National Security WEEK IV Securitization Theory Required readings • Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Required readings Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era (New York: Harvester