Ancient Literature Significant Excerpts from the Books of Classical Authors Which You Can Use to Supplement Your History Curriculum Volume Four Ancient Egypt Compiled by Laurie Bluedorn May be used with Ancient History from Primary Sources: A Literary Timeline by Harvey and Laurie Bluedorn September, 2008 Trivium Pursuit Ancient Literature: Significant Excerpts from the Books of Classical Authors Which You Can Use to Supplement Your History Curriculum -- Volume Four: Ancient Egypt Compiled by Laurie Bluedorn May be used with Ancient History from Primary Sources: A Literary Timeline by Harvey and Laurie Bluedorn Trivium Pursuit 525 120th Avenue New Boston, Illinois 61272 515-249-3611 www.triviumpursuit.com Copyright 2008 by Harvey and Laurie Bluedorn. All rights reserved. This book was published in September of the year two thousand eight by Harvey and Laurie Bluedorn. 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Contents Moses – NAME OF AUTHOR Bible: Genesis – NAME OF BOOK The Tower of Babel – DESCRIPTION OF SIGNIFICANT EXCERPT Josephus Antiquities of the Jews Where the children of Ham settled after the Tower of Babel David Bible: Psalm Egypt was called the land of Ham or the land of Mizraim Herodotus The History Min, first king of Egypt Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Early history of Egypt Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Cheops builds the pyramid Herodotus The History The pyramids The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep Considered the oldest book in the world; a compilation of wise sayings; writ- ten c. 2450 B.C. Letter of Pepi II Letter of Egyptian pharaoh Pepi II (ruled 2161-2067 B.C.) to Harkhuf (an Egyptian official) 3 Moses Bible: Genesis Abram is called by God and travels to Canaan (c.1875 B.C.) The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus Earliest known surgical document; written around the 16th century B.C. Epitaph of Beka Inscription on a funeral pillar; Beka, the person who died, was the great stew- ard of the Public Granary The Laboring Classes Compares the different occupations and their hardships with the easy oc- cupation of a scribe Moses Bible: Genesis Jacob is established in Egypt (c.1660 B.C.) Herodotus The History Farm labor in Egypt is easy because of the Nile Herodotus The History The people and customs of Egypt; embalming Herodotus The History Egyptian crocodile and other animals The Shipwrecked Sailor A man tells of his fantastic adventure Moses Bible: Exodus Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt (c.1445 B.C.) 4 Justin Epitome of the Philippic Histories Roman view of the early history of the Jews and of the Exodus Pliny the Elder Natural History Description of Egypt Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Description of Egypt Diodorus Siculus Historical Library How the pharaohs lived Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Customs of the early Egyptians Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Egyptian medicine Products of Arabia Inscriptions on the inner walls of an Egyptian temple giving an account of the conquest of Arabia during the time of Thutmose III (ruled c. 1138-1085 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: I Kings David reigns over Israel (c. 1010-970 B.C.) El-Amarna Letters Tablets of Tel El-Amarna; Palestine is under Egyptian rule and the governor of Jerusalem (plus other Egyptian rulers in Palestine) tells pharaoh Akhenaten (ruled c. 1022-1006 B.C.) of a general revolt of the natives 5 Jeremiah Bible: I Kings The foundation of Solomon’s temple is laid (c. 966 B.C.) Ramesses at Kadesh Poem recording the battle between Pharaoh Ramesses II (ruled c. 940-873 B.C.) and the Hittite King Muwatallis II; called the Battle of Kadesh (c. 936 B.C.). Treaty Between Ramesses II and the Hittites A treaty of peace was signed between Ramesses II (ruled c. 940-873 B.C.) and the Hittite king after the battle called Kadesh (c. 936 B.C.). The Mouse as Vizier Ancient Egyptian Tale; unknown date Jeremiah Bible: I Kings The kingdom of Israel is divided; Rehoboam rules Judah (c. 930-913 B.C.) and Jeroboam rules Israel (c. 930-909 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: I Kings Ramesses II (the Great) -- called Shishak in the Bible -- sacks Jerusalem (c. 925 B.C.) Spoliation of Tombs Extract from a longer document from the time of Ramesses IX (ruled c. 835- 816 B.C.) showing that tomb robbery was common even during ancient times. Strabo Ancient Geography Description of ancient Egypt Sulpicius Severus Sacred History Hoshea makes an alliance with the Ethiopians, who at that time held Egypt (c. 726 B.C.) 6 Jeremiah Bible: II Kings Hoshea, the king of Israel, conspires with the king of Egypt/Ethiopia and stops paying tribute to the king of Assyria; Sargon of Assyria carries away the people of Israel (c. 722 B.C.); New Chronology says this king of Egypt/ Ethiopia was Hedjkheperre Shoshenq Si-Bast (Shoshenq IV) Isaiah Bible: Isaiah The prophet Isaiah predicts the war of Assyria against Egypt (c. 713 B.C.) Josephus Antiquities of the Jews How Sennacherib made an expedition against Hezekiah (King of Judah); what threatenings Rabshakeh made to Hezekiah when Sennacherib was gone against the Egyptians; how Isaiah the prophet encouraged him; how Sen- nacherib having failed to success in Egypt, returned to Jerusalem; and how upon his finding his army destroyed, he returned home (c. 704-701 B.C.) Ezra Bible: II Chronicles The Battle for Jerusalem (c. 704-701 B.C.) Herodotus The History Herodotus’ report of the invasion of Egypt by Sennacherib Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Civil disorder in Egypt for two years followed by a twelve-man aristocracy (c. 687-670 B.C.) Herodotus The History The twelve-man aristocracy diverts the flow of the Nile 7 Herodotus The Histories Psammetichus Sais took over Egypt and reigned there 54 years (c. 670 B.C.) Herodotus The Histories The son of Psammetichus Sais -- Necho or Pharaohnecho -- rules Egypt for 16 years (c. 616 B.C.) Ezra Bible II Chronicles Pharaohnecho, king of Egypt, set out to fight against the king of Assyria/ Babylon by besieging Carchemish on the Euphrates River; Josiah, King of Judah, interferes and is killed (c. 610 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: II Kings Another version of Josiah’s death (c. 610 B.C.) Josephus Antiquities of the Jews How Josiah fought with Neco and was wounded and died; Josiah’s son Jeho- ahaz (Shallum) becomes king of Judah (c. 610 B.C.) Josephus Antiquities of the Jews When Necho returned from Assyria, he deposed Shallum and made Eliakim (Jehoiakim), his older brother, king of Judah (c. 610 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: II Kings When Necho returned from Assyria, he deposed Shallum and made Eliakim (Jehoiakim), his older brother, king of Judah (c. 610 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: Jeremiah Jeremiah makes a prophecy that Nebuchadnezzar would conquer Egypt (c. 607 B.C.) 8 Jeremiah Bible II Kings Nebuchadnezzar took all the land between Egypt and the Euphrates River (c. 605 B.C.) Herodotus The Histories Psammis rules Egypt for 6 years (c. 600-594 B.C.) and his son Apries (Pha- raohhophra) rules for 25 years (c. 594-570 B.C.) Ezekiel Bible: Ezekiel Ezekiel makes a prophecy about Apries (Pharaohhophra) (c. 588 B.C.) Ezekiel Bible: Ezekiel Ezekiel makes another prophecy concerning Egypt (c. 587 B.C.) Ezekiel Bible: Ezekiel More prophecy concerning Egypt (c. 587 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: Jeremiah Pharaohhophra came with his army from Egypt to help Zedekiah, king of Judah, while the Chaldeans were raising a siege of Jerusalem (c. 587 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: Jeremiah Jerusalem is taken by the Chaldeans/Babylonians (c. 586 B.C.) Jeremiah Bible: Jeremiah The remnant of the Israelites force Jeremiah to go with them to Egypt; Jer- emiah predicts the destruction of Egypt by Nebuchadnezzar (which occurred c. 571 B.C.) and makes a prophecy about Apries (Pharaohhophra) (c. 586 B.C.) 9 Ezekiel Bible: Ezekiel Ezekiel’s prophecy against Egypt (c. 586 B.C.) Sulpicius Severus Sacred History The remnant Jews flee to Egypt (c. 586 B.C.) Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Apries (Pharaohhophra) rules Egypt (c. 594-570 B.C.) and after him, Amasis, his son, rules while paying tribute to the Babylonians (c. 570-525 B.C.) Herodotus The Histories Cambyses, son of Cyrus, conquers Egypt (c. 525 B.C.) Arrian Anabasis of Alexander Alexander the Great conquers Egypt (332 B.C.) Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Alexander the Great conquers Egypt and founds Alexandria (332 B.C.) Vitruvius On Architecture How Alexander chose the man who designed Alexandria (332. B.C.) Josephus The War of the Jews Alexander the Great moved a colony of the Jews (along with other groups of people) to Alexandria in order to populate it (331 B.C.) Arrian Anabasis of Alexander Alexander settles affairs in Egypt before leaving (331 B.C.) 10 Lucian Octogenarians After the death of Alexander the Great, all of Egypt, was given to Ptolemy (323 B.C.) Daniel Bible: Daniel Daniel tells (200 years earlier) of Alexander and what happens at his death Justin Epitome of the Philippic Histories Ptolemy takes over Egypt and wins over the people Diodorus Siculus Historical Library Ptolemy brings the body of Alexander the Great to Egypt to bury (321 B.C.) Josephus Antiquities of the Jews How Ptolemy took Jerusalem and transported many Jews to Alexandria (320 B.C.) Vitruvius On Architecture Ptolemy Philadelphus establishes a library at Alexandria (277 B.C.) Tertullian Apology Ptolemy Philadelphus calls for a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures (277 B.C.) Josephus Antiquities of the Jews Ptolemy Philadelphus calls for a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures (277 B.C.) 11 Plutarch The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans: Antony The Ptolemys rule Egypt until the death of Cleopatra in 30 B.C.; Egypt be- comes a Roman province 12 Moses all the earth.