Environmental Impact Assessment Report Rev: 2 for the Decommissioning of Units 1 to 4 at Kozloduy NPP Date: 2013-05-30 Ref: P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R – Chapter 3 Status: Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Decommissioning of Units 1 to 4 at Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS AND FACTORS UNDER ART.4 AND ART.5 AND THE MATERIAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE THAT WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL, AND THEIR INTERACTION E n e r g y I n s t i t u t e J S C 20, Fr. Joliot – Courie Str.1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel:(+359 2) 963 45 76, Fax: (+359 2)963 40 38, E- mail: [email protected] Environmental Impact Assessment Report Rev: 2 for the Decommissioning of Units 1 to 4 at Kozloduy NPP Date: 2013-05-30 Ref: P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R – Chapter 3 Status: Final CONTENTS 3. Description and analysis of the environmental components and factors under art.4 and art.5 and the material and cultural heritage that will be significantly affected by the investment proposal, and their interaction... 1 3.1 Atmosphere..............................................................................................................1 3.2 Atmospheric air........................................................................................................9 3.2.1 Quality of the atmosphere air in 30km area around Kozloduy NPP on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria...............................................................9 3.2.2 Atmosphere radioactivity in 100km area on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria................................................................................................10 3.2.3 Condition of the atmosphere air in 30km area on the territory of the Republic of Romania ...............................................................................................13 3.2.4 Atmosphere radioactivity in 30km area on the territory of the Romania ...................................................................................................................17 3.3. Waters ...................................................................................................................20 3.3.1 Surface waters.................................................................................................20 3.3.2 Groundwaters..................................................................................................55 3.3.3 Surface and groundwater in the 30 km area from the Romanian territory ....................................................................................................................77 3.4 Lands and soils.......................................................................................................80 3.5 Earth interior ........................................................................................................103 3.5.1 Properties of geological environment ...........................................................103 3.5.2 Tectonic characteristics.................................................................................106 3.5.3 Physical and geological processes ................................................................107 3.5.4. Seismicity.....................................................................................................109 3.5.5 Mineral resources..........................................................................................112 3.6 Landscape ...........................................................................................................113 3.7 Natural sites .........................................................................................................121 3.7.1 Protected areas under Nature 2000 in the region of Kozloduy NPP.............121 3.7.2 Protected areas under Nature 2000 in the region of 30 kmim Kozloduy NPP on the Romanian territory.............................................................148 3.7.3 Protected Territories......................................................................................155 3.7.4 Transboundary territories..............................................................................155 3.8 Biodiversity..........................................................................................................156 3.8.1 Flora and vegetation......................................................................................156 3.8.2 Fauna............................................................................................................168 3.9 Cultural heritage...................................................................................................176 3.10 Health Status of the Population..........................................................................183 3.11 Hazardous energy sources..................................................................................198 3.11.1 Ionizing radiation........................................................................................198 3.11.2 Non-ionizing radiations ..............................................................................205 3.11.3 Noise ..........................................................................................................207 3.11.4 Vibrations....................................................................................................209 3.11.5 Thermal impact by Kozloduy NPP.............................................................209 E n e r g y I n s t i t u t e J S C Chapter3/Page i of 20, Fr. Joliot – Courie Str.1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel:(+359 2) 963 45 76, Fax: (+359 2)963 40 38, ii E- mail: [email protected] Environmental Impact Assessment Report Rev: 2 for the Decommissioning of Units 1 to 4 at Kozloduy NPP Date: 2013-05-30 Ref: P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R – Chapter 3 Status: Final 3.11.6 Other harmful physical factors....................................................................209 3.12 Waste and hazardous substances .......................................................................211 3.12.1 Conventional waste.....................................................................................211 3.12.2 Waste collection, transportation and treatment...........................................221 3.12.3 Waste disposal ............................................................................................227 3.12.4 Removal of asbestos insulation and flammable materials in operational units’ condition (“Е”)..........................................................................230 3.12.5 Hazardous chemical products .....................................................................232 3.12.6 Generation of gaseous pollutants during the decommissioning process....................................................................................................................234 3.12.7 Generation of liquid RAW during the decommissioning process ..............234 3.12.8 Generation of solid RAW during the decommissioning process................234 3.13 Social and economic condition ..........................................................................235 3.13.1 Geographic location of “Kozloduy” NPP..................................................235 3.13.2 Demographic and social and economic characteristic ................................237 E n e r g y I n s t i t u t e J S C Chapter3/Page ii of 20, Fr. Joliot – Courie Str.1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel:(+359 2) 963 45 76, Fax: (+359 2)963 40 38, ii E- mail: [email protected] Environmental Impact Assessment Report Rev: 2 for the Decommissioning of Units 1 to 4 at Kozloduy NPP Date: 2013-05-30 Ref: P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R P16Del09Rev02_EIA_R – Chapter 3 Status: Final 3. Description and analysis of the environmental components and factors under art.4 and art.5 and the material and cultural heritage that will be significantly affected by the investment proposal, and their interaction According to the requirements of the Terms of Reference to develop an EIA-R for decommissioning of Units 1-4 of Kozloduy NPP [9] this chapter provides description on different environmental components and factors and important interactions during the implementation of decommissioning activities of the Units. These components and factors include: Atmosphere and atmospheric air Surface and groundwaters Soils Earth interior Landscape Natural objects Biodiversity Material and cultural heritage Health Risk Hazardous energy sources Waste and hazardous substances Discomfort Social and economic condition 3.1 Atmosphere Climatic and meteorological characteristic of the region According to the climatic division into districts of the country, the investigated site is involved in the Northern Climatic Region of the Danube hilly valley of the Moderate- continental subarea of the European-continental area. Thermal conditions are of well- expressed seasonal prevalence due to the differences of the solar radiation balance in the winter and summer periods, which outline the continental nature of the climate. This seasonal prevalence is also strengthened by the circulation conditions. During the winter the type of the weather is a result of the continental air masses of the air moderate latitudes. These masses congest mostly to the back of the Mediterranean cyclones, passing towards the East and North-East. Rarely, from the North-East some continental air masses from the transformed arctic air reach the region causing sharp fall of temperature. Warm subtropical masses are pushed in