AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT Theory and Implementation This page intentionally left blank AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT Theory and Implementation Edited by Opender Koul Insect Biopesticide Research Centre, Jalandhar, India Gerrit Cuperus Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA and Norman Elliott USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Areawide pest management: theory and implementation/edited by Opender Koul, Gerrit Cuperus and Norman Elliott. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-84593-372-2 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Koul, Opender. II. Cuperus, Gerrit W. III. Elliott, Norman. IV. Title. SB950.A74 2008 632'.9--dc22 ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 372 2 2007029243 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles, King’s Lynn. Contents Contents About the Editors viii Contributors x Preface xiii 1. General Introduction to Areawide Pest Management 1 Robert M. Faust 2. History and Ecological Basis for Areawide Pest Management 15 Norman C. Elliott, David W. Onstad and Michael J. Brewer 3. Establishing Inter-agency, Multidisciplinary Areawide Pest Management Programmes 34 Robert M. Nowierski and Hendrik J. Meyer 4. Dispersal and Migration of Insects and Their Importance in Pest Management 60 David N. Byrne 5. A Landscape Perspective in Managing Vegetation for Beneficial Plant–Pest–Natural Enemy Interactions: a Foundation for Areawide Pest Management 81 Michael J. Brewer, Takuji Noma and Norman C. Elliott 6. Social and Economic Aspects of Areawide Pest Management 97 Sean P. Keenan and Paul A. Burgener v vi Contents 7. Environmental Monitoring in Areawide Pest Management 117 J.D. Carlson and Albert Sutherland 8. The Role of Databases in Areawide Pest Management 142 Vasile Catana, Norman Elliott, Kris Giles, Mustafa Mirik, David Porter, Gary Hein, Frank Peairs and Jerry Michels 9. Codling Moth Areawide Integrated Pest Management 159 A.L. Knight 10. Corn Rootworm Areawide Pest Management in the Midwestern USA 191 Laurence D. Chandler, James R. Coppedge, C. Richard Edwards, Jon J. Tollefson, Gerald R. Wilde and Robert M. Faust 11. Grape Areawide Pest Management in Italy 208 Claudio Ioriatti, Andrea Lucchi and Bruno Bagnoli 12. Stored-grain Insect Areawide Integrated Pest Management 226 David W. Hagstrum, Paul W. Flinn, Carl R. Reed and Thomas W. Phillips 13. Aphid Alert: How it Came to be, What it Achieved and Why it Proved Unsustainable 244 Edward B. Radcliffe, David W. Ragsdale, Robert A. Suranyi, Christina D. DiFonzo and Erin E. Hladilek 14. Areawide Suppression of Fire Ants 261 M.D. Aubuchon and K. Vander Meer 15. Salt Cedar Areawide Pest Management in the Western USA 271 Raymond I. Carruthers, C. Jack DeLoach, John C. Herr, Gerald L. Anderson and Allen E. Knutson 16. The Hawaii Fruit Fly Areawide Pest Management Programme 300 Roger I. Vargas, Ronald F.L. Mau, Eric B. Jang, Robert M. Faust and Lyle Wong 17. Areawide Pest Management for Non-rice Food Crops in South-east Asia 326 M.D. Hammig, B.M. Shepard, G.R. Carner, R. Dilts and A. Rauf 18. Areawide Rice Insect Pest Management: a Perspective of Experiences in Asia 351 James A. Litsinger Contents vii 19. Areawide Pest Management of Cereal Aphids in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Great Plains, USA 441 Kristopher Giles, Gary Hein and Frank Peairs 20. Boll Weevil Eradication: an Areawide Pest Management Effort 467 Charles T. Allen 21. Current Approaches to Areawide Integrated Pest Management: Obstacles and Future Directions 560 Opender Koul and Gerrit W. Cuperus Index 573 The colour plate section may be found following p.274. About the Editors About the Editors Opender Koul, Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Indian Academy of Entomology, is an insect toxicologist/physiologist/chemical ecologist and currently the Director of the Insect Biopesticide Research Centre, Jalandhar, India. After obtaining his PhD in 1975 he joined the Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Jammu and then became Senior Group Leader of Entomology at Malti-Chem Research Centre, Vadodara, India (1980–1988). He has been a visit- ing scientist at the University of Kanazawa, Japan (1985–1986), University of British Columbia, Canada (1988–1992) and Institute of Plant Protection, Poznan, Poland (2001). His extensive research experience concerns insect–plant interactions, spanning toxicological, physiological and agricultural aspects. Honoured with an Indian National Science Academy medal (INSA), the Kothari Scientific Research Institute award, KEC Science Society award and the Recognition award of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of India (2003–2004) for outstanding contribution in the field of insect toxicology/physiology and plant protection, he has authored over 160 research papers and articles, and is the author/editor of the books Insecticides of Natural Origin (1997), Phytochemical Biopesticides (2001), Microbial Biopesticides (2002), Biopesticides and Pest Management vol- umes I and II (2003), Predators and Parasitoids (2003), Integrated Pest Management: Potential, Constraints and Challenges (2004), Neem: Today and in the New Millennium (2004), Transgenic Crop Protection: Concepts and Strategies (2004), Insect Antifeedants (2005), Biopesticides and Pest Management: Conventional and Biotechnological Approaches (2007) and Ecologically Based Inte- grated Pest Management (2007), published by leading publishers globally. Dr Koul is on expert panels in many committees and leading international and national journals. He has also been an informal consultant to BOSTID, NRC of USA at ICIPE, Nairobi. Gerrit Cuperus was a Regent’s Professor and Integrated Pest Management Coor- dinator at Oklahoma State University for over 20 years. Dr Cuperus obtained his PhD in 1982, joined the Department of Entomology at Oklahoma State University and has since been involved in national IPM programmes in the USA aiming at an viii About the Editors ix interdisciplinary focus in solving management issues. Dr Cuperus has chaired and served in different capacities in various state and national committees on food safety and pest management. He has made specific contributions in extension/research and has won distinguished service awards from the USDA. His research efforts focused on stored product pest management have helped to build the Stored Product Research and Education Center (SPREC) at Oklahoma State University. He has authored over 60 research papers and articles and is an editor of Successful Implementa- tion of IPM for Agriculture Crops (1992), Stored Product Management (1995), Integrated Pest Management: Potential, Constraints and Challenges (2004) and Ecologically Based Integrated Pest Management (2007). Norman Elliott is a Research Biologist at the US Department of Agriculture, Agri- cultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Dr Elliott obtained his PhD in 1985 from Michigan State University and joined USDA-ARS upon graduation. Dr Elliott has served in various capacities on state and national committees on biological control and pest management. His research has focused mainly on the ecology and management of cereal aphids and their natural enemies, and on classical and conservation biological control. Dr Elliott has authored or co-authored over 200 scientific research papers and articles. Contributors Contributors Charles T. Allen, Program Director, Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation and Extension Specialist, Texas Cooperative Extension, PO Box 5089, Abilene, Texas 79608, USA Gerald L. Anderson, USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Sidney, Montana 59270, USA M.D. Aubuchon, USDA-ARS Center for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Bruno Bagnoli, CRA-Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, via Lanciola, 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy Michael J. Brewer, Integrated Pest Management Program, CIPS Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Paul A. Burgener, Research Coordinator, Agricultural Economics, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, Nebraska 69361, USA David N. Byrne, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Forbes 410, PO Box 2100: (36), Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036, USA; e-mail: [email protected] J.D. Carlson, Oklahoma State University, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 217 Agriculture Hall, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-6016, USA; e-mail: [email protected] G.R. Carner, Regional Advisor, Environmental Services Program, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia Raymond I. Carruthers, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, California 94710, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Vasile Catana, Oklahoma State University, Department of Entomology