APPENDIX B: DATA FOR OTHER COUNTRIES An Appendix to the Report, “A Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM): Lifecycle Emissions From Transportation Fuels, Motor Vehicles, Transportation Modes, Electricity Use, Heating and Cooking Fuels, and Materials” UCD-ITS-RR-03-17B December 2003 by Mark A. Delucchi Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA [email protected] Institute of Transportation Studies One Shields Avenue University of California Davis, California 95616 Tel: 530-752-0247 Fax: 530-752-6572 http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/ email: [email protected] APPENDIX B: DATA FOR OTHER COUNTRIES An Appendix to the Report “A Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM): Lifecycle Emissions from Transportation Fuels, Motor Vehicles, Transportation Modes, Electricity Use, Heating and Cooking Fuels, and Materials” Mark Delucchi [email protected] UCD-ITS-RR-03-17B available on the internet at www.its.ucdavis.edu/publications.html. or by contacting [email protected]. Institute of Transportation Studies One Shields Avenue University of California Davis, CA 95616 December 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................. 4 Using the LEM to estimate lifecycle end-use emissions in countries other than the U.S. ..... 4 Representation of producing countries ................................................................................... 7 Reporting of results by emissions sector and geographic area ............................................. 10 PARAMETER VALUES PERTINENT TO CONSUMING (“TARGET”) COUNTRIES ................................ 12 General.................................................................................................................................. 12 Motor vehicle fuel use .......................................................................................................... 13 Motor vehicle emissions ....................................................................................................... 13 Motor scooters ...................................................................................................................... 15 Mini cars (up to 500 kg)........................................................................................................ 16 Motor vehicles (lifetime to scrappage) ................................................................................. 16 Rail transit............................................................................................................................. 16 Upstream liquid-fuel evaporative emissions......................................................................... 16 Electricity generation and distribution efficiency................................................................. 16 Electricity generation fuel mix.............................................................................................. 18 Electricity trade..................................................................................................................... 20 Electricity generation emissions ........................................................................................... 20 Diesel fuel sulfur content...................................................................................................... 23 Other petroleum fuel sulfur content...................................................................................... 24 Coal sulfur content................................................................................................................ 25 Flows of materials: general................................................................................................... 26 Sources of materials embedded in motor vehicles................................................................ 28 Petroleum production and trade............................................................................................ 29 Coal production and trade..................................................................................................... 31 Natural gas production and trade .......................................................................................... 32 Natural gas losses in distribution .......................................................................................... 33 Flows of motor vehicles........................................................................................................ 35 The nuclear fuelcycle............................................................................................................ 37 Crop production and fertilizer use ........................................................................................ 39 Corn-ethanol production ....................................................................................................... 40 Nitrogen deposition............................................................................................................... 40 Multi-modal emissions.......................................................................................................... 41 CANADA .................................................................................................................................... 42 Motor vehicle emissions ....................................................................................................... 42 Petroleum refining ................................................................................................................ 42 Electricity generation efficiency and fuel mix...................................................................... 43 Emissions from power plants................................................................................................ 43 Uranium enrichment ............................................................................................................. 43 Production of alternative fuels.............................................................................................. 44 Oil production ....................................................................................................................... 44 Ocean shipment of crude oil ................................................................................................. 44 Coal mining........................................................................................................................... 45 Natural gas production and transmission.............................................................................. 45 Leaks of natural gas (Canadian systems).............................................................................. 45 Harvest yields and fertilizer use for field crops and biomass ............................................... 46 i CHILE......................................................................................................................................... 47 Transportation....................................................................................................................... 47 Electricity.............................................................................................................................. 50 Oil and gas production and use............................................................................................. 51 Other industry ....................................................................................................................... 51 Yields of biomass and fertilizer use...................................................................................... 52 CHINA ........................................................................................................................................ 52 Transportation....................................................................................................................... 52 Electricity generation............................................................................................................ 54 Oil refining............................................................................................................................ 54 Materials ............................................................................................................................... 54 Note about the results............................................................................................................ 54 INDIA ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Transportation....................................................................................................................... 55 Electricity generation............................................................................................................ 56 Oil and gas ............................................................................................................................ 56 MEXICO ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Transportation....................................................................................................................... 56 Electricity.............................................................................................................................. 62 Oil and gas production and use............................................................................................