An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil National Waste Database Report 1998 Environmental Protection Agency An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil © Environmental Protection Agency 2000 Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. National Waste Database Report 1998 Authors: Dr. Matt Crowe, Mr. Andy Fanning, Ms. Kirsty Nolan, Mr. Gerry Carty and Mr Donal Howley ISBN 1-84095-013-7 Price Ir.£15/€19.05 02/00/1000 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF TOPIC BOXES 6 LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 6 LIST OF MAPS 6 FOREWORD 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 NATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 11 1.1.1 WASTE POLICY 11 1.1.2 LEGISLATION 12 1.1.3 CONTROLLING WASTE 14 1.1.4 PRIORITY ISSUES 16 2. METHODOLOGY 17 2.1 INTRODUCTION 17 2.2 MUNICIPAL WASTE 17 2.2.1 DEFINITION 17 2.2.2 DETERMINATION OF AMOUNTS ARISING AND DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 17 2.2.3 COMPOSITION ANALYSIS 19 2.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTE 20 2.3.1 DEFINITION 20 2.3.2 DETERMINATION OF AMOUNTS ARISING AND DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 20 2.4 HAZARDOUS WASTE 21 2.4.1 REPORTED HAZARDOUS WASTE 21 2.4.2 UNREPORTED HAZARDOUS WASTE 21 2.5 PACKAGING WASTE 22 2.6 OTHER WASTE STREAMS 22 3. WASTE FLOWS IN IRELAND 23 3.1 OVERVIEW 23 3.2 MUNICIPAL WASTE 25 3.2.1 AMOUNTS ARISING AND WASTE COMPOSITION 25 3.2.2 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES 29 3.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTE 31 3.3.1 DEFINITION 31 2 NATIONAL WASTE DATABASE REPORT FOR 1998 3.3.2 AMOUNTS ARISING AND WASTE COMPOSITION 31 3.3.3 DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 36 3.4 PACKAGING WASTE 39 3.4.1 DEFINITION 39 3.4.2 AMOUNTS ARISING & WASTE COMPOSITION 40 3.4.3 DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 40 3.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE 42 3.5.1 AMOUNTS ARISING AND WASTE COMPOSITION 43 3.5.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE ARISINGS 44 3.5.3 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE 45 3.5.4 DESTINATION AND FATE OF EXPORTED HAZARDOUS WASTE 46 3.6 AGRICULTURAL WASTE 47 3.6.1 DEFINITION 47 3.6.2 AMOUNTS ARISING AND WASTE COMPOSITION 47 3.6.3 DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 48 3.7 URBAN WASTEWATER SLUDGES AND OTHER ORGANIC SLUDGES 49 3.7.1 DEFINITIONS 49 3.7.2 AMOUNTS ARISING AND RECOVERY/DISPOSAL ROUTES 49 3.7.3 CONCLUSIONS 51 3.8 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE (INCLUDING DREDGE SPOIL) 51 3.8.1 DEFINITION 51 3.8.2 WASTE ARISINGS AND DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES 52 3.8.3 RECOMMENDATION 54 3.9 END OF LIFE VEHICLES AND SCRAP METAL 54 3.9.1 ARISINGS & MANAGEMENT 55 3.9.2 RECOMMENDATION 56 3.10 TYRES 57 3.10.1 ARISINGS & MANAGEMENT 57 3.11 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 57 3.11.1 ARISINGS & MANAGEMENT 58 3.11.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 58 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE 59 4.1 OVERVIEW 59 4.2 WASTE COLLECTION, MOVEMENT AND TRANSFER 59 4.2.1 WASTE COLLECTION 59 4.3 WASTE PREVENTION AND MINIMISATION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION 60 4.3.1 NATIONAL HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN AND WASTE PREVENTION 63 4.3.2 CLEANER PRODUCTION PILOT DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME 63 4.4 RECYCLING, RE-USE AND RECOVERY 64 4.4.1 MUNICIPAL SECTOR 64 4.4.2 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 68 4.5 THERMAL TREATMENT 68 4.5.1 MUNICIPAL SECTOR 68 4.5.2 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 68 4.6 DISPOSAL 68 4.6.1 ACTIVE LANDFILLS 68 4.6.2 CLOSED LANDFILLS 72 4.7 LICENSED AND PERMITTED ACTIVITIES 73 5. TRENDS AND INDICATORS 75 5.1 OVERVIEW 75 CONTENTS 3 5.2 MUNICIPAL WASTE 75 5.2.1 ARISINGS 75 5.2.2 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES 76 5.2.3 KEY TRENDS 77 5.3 PACKAGING WASTE 78 5.3.1 ARISINGS 78 5.3.2 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES 78 5.3.3 KEY TRENDS 80 5.4 INDUSTRIAL WASTE 80 5.4.1 ARISINGS 80 5.4.2 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES 81 5.4.3 KEY TRENDS 82 5.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE 83 5.5.1 ARISINGS 83 5.5.2 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY ROUTES 83 5.5.2 KEY TRENDS 84 5.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 85 5.7 INDICATORS 85 5.7.1 MUNICIPAL WASTE 85 5.7.2 INDUSTRIAL WASTE 85 5.7.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE 85 5.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86 6. REFERENCES & READING LIST 91 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS 93 APPENDIX B: STATISTICS 96 B1: DISPOSAL/RECOVERY ROUTES FOR EACH INDUSTRY SECTOR 96 B2: WASTES REPORTED CATEGORISED ACCORDING TO EWC/HWL CODES 99 APPENDIX C: FACILITIES 113 C1: FACILITY MAPS 113 C2: ACTIVE LANDFILL SITES IN 1995 AND 1998 122 C3: LOCAL AUTHORITY LANDFILLS – TONNES RECEIVED IN 1998 124 C4: PRIVATE AND INDUSTRIAL LANDFILLS – TONNES RECEIVED IN 1998 126 C5: ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH A WASTE LICENCE APPLICATION HAS BEEN RECEIVED 129 C6: LOCAL AUTHORITY WASTE PERMITS NOTIFIED TO THE EPA UP TO OCTOBER 1999 133 APPENDIX D: CLOSED LANDFILLS 135 APPENDIX E: WASTE CHARACTERISATION STUDIES 141 INTRODUCTION 141 E1: MUNICIPAL WASTE 141 E1.1 RURAL HOUSEHOLD WASTE CHARACTERISATION 142 E1.2 URBAN HOUSEHOLD WASTE CHARACTERISATION 151 4 NATIONAL WASTE DATABASE REPORT FOR 1998 E1.3: COMMERCIAL WASTE CHARACTERISATION 160 APPENDIX F: SUMMARY OF CLEANER PRODUCTION - PILOT DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME 167 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Waste Hierarchy 11 Figure 1.2 Measures for Preventing, Minimising & Controlling Waste 12 Figure 3.1: National Waste Arisings 23 Figure 3.2: Comparison of Non-Agricultural Waste Arisings in 1995 and 1998 24 Figure 3.3: Composition of Household Waste Landfilled in Ireland 25 Figure 3.4: Estimated Composition of Commercial Waste Landfilled in Ireland 25 Figure 3.5: Comparison of Urban and Rural Waste Composition 28 Figure 3.6: Summary of Commercial Waste Surveys Conducted in Ireland Since 1995 28 Figure 3.7: Reported Industrial Waste Arisings in Ireland by County 32 Figure 3.8: Summary of Disposal and Recovery Rates for Industrial Waste in Ireland, 37 1995 and 1998 Figure 3.9: Disposal and Recovery Rates for Mining, Manufacturing and Energy, Gas & 40 Water Supply Sectors in 1998 Figure 3.10 Recovery rates for Packaging Materials in the Waste Stream 1993-1998 42 Figure 3.11 Estimated Compostion of Construction and Demolition Waste in Ireland 53 Figure 3.12 Mechanically Propelled Vehicles under Current Lcience : Private & All 57 Vehicles Figure 3.13 Number of Vehicles Licensed for the First Time: 1990-1998 57 Figure 4.1: The Relationship between the Production and Consumption Cycle and 61 Waste Generation Figure 4.2: Summary of Wastes Accepted by Municipal and Private/Industrial Landfills 69 in 1998 Figure 4.3: Comparison of Relative Size and Numbers of Local Authority Landfills in 70 Ireland in 1995 and 1998 Figure 4.4: Comparison of the Relative Size and Number of Industrial/Private Landfills 70 in Ireland in 1995 and 1998 Figure 5.1: Trends in Non-Agricultural Waste Arisings; 1995 and 1998 75 Figure 5.2: Trends in Household and Commercial Waste Collected for Management: 76 1995 & 1998 Figure 5.3: Trends in Disposal and Recovery of Household & Commercial Waste - 1 77 Figure 5.4: Trends in Disposal and Recovery of Household & Commercial Waste - 2 77 Figure 5.5: Trends in Quantities of Packaging Waste Arising and Recovered in the 78 Household and Commercial Waste Stream: 1993 - 1998 Figure 5.6: Trends in Disposal of Packaging Waste in the Household & Commercial 79 Waste Stream: Quantities Landfilled 1993 - 1998 Figure 5.7: Trends in Recovery of Packaging Waste in the Household & Commercial 79 Waste Stream: Quantities Recovered 1993 - 1998 Figure 5.8: Trends in Recovery of Packaging Waste In Ireland: 1993 - 1998 80 Figure 5.9: Trends in Industrial Waste Arisings 81 Figure 5.10: Comparison of Reported and Projected Arisings for the Manufacturing 81 Sector in 1995 and 1998 Figure 5.11: Trends in Disposal and Recovery Rates for Reported Industrial Waste 82 Figure 5.12: Trends in Disposal and Recovery Rates for Manufacturing Waste 82 Figure 5.13: Trends in the Management of Hazardous Waste, 1996 and 1998 83 Figure 5.14: Disposal Rates for Reported Hazardous Waste Arising in Ireland: 1996 and 84 1998 Figure 5.15: Recovery Rates for Reported Hazardous Waste Arising in Ireland: 1996 and 84 1998 CONTENTS 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Comparison of Estimated Arisings for 1995 and 1998 23 Table 3.2: Comparison of Estimated Non-Agricultural Arisings between 1995 and 1998 24 Table 3.3: Waste Flows in Ireland for Reported Wastes, 1998 24 Table 3.4: Municipal Wastes Arising in Each Local Authority Area (as tonnes per annum 26 Table 3.5: Urban & Rural Household Waste 28 Table 3.6: Summary of Commercial Waste Composition Surveys (% Composition) 29 Table 3.7: Composition of Household and Commercial Waste Landfilled in Ireland 30 Table 3.8: Disposal and Recovery Rates in the Household and Commercial Waste Stream in 30 Ireland Table 3.9: Disposal and Recovery Rates in the Household Waste Stream in Ireland 31 Table 3.10: Disposal and Recovery Rates in the Commercial Waste Stream in Ireland 31 Table 3.11: Summary of Reported and Projected Quantities of Industrial Waste Arising in 1998 32 Table 3.12: Reported Industrial Waste Arisings by County 33 Table 3.13: Summary of Reported and Projected Industrial Waste Arisings in Ireland in 1998 34 Table 3.14: Reported Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Industrial Waste Arisings in Ireland 36 Categorised According to the European Waste Catalogue (EWC) and Hazardous Waste List (HWL) Table 3.15: Summary of Disposal/Recovery Routes for Reported Industrial Waste in Ireland 37 Table 3.16: Disposal/Recovery Practices