DATA MODELS TO SUPPORT METROLOGY by Saeed Heysiattalab A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering Charlotte 2017 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Edward P. Morse ______________________________ Dr. Robert G. Wilhelm ______________________________ Dr. Jimmie A Miller ______________________________ Dr. M. Taghi Mostafavi ______________________________ Dr. Jing Xiao ii ©2017 Saeed Heysiattalab ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT SAEED HEYSIATTALAB. Data models to support metrology (Under the supervision of Dr. EDWARD P. MORSE) The Quality Information Framework (QIF) is a project initiated in 2010 by the Dimensional Metrology Standards Consortium (DMSC is an American Standards Developing Organization) to address metrology interoperability. Specifically, the QIF supports the exchange of metrology-relevant information throughout the product lifecycle from the design stage through manufacturing, inspection, maintenance, and recycling / end-of-life processing. The QIF standard is implemented through a set of XML schemas called "Application Schemas" along with common core "XML schema libraries". Of these schemas, QIF Measurement Resources and QIF Rules are the two application schemas on which this research is focused. QIF Measurement Resources is an application schema developed to provide standard representations of physical measuring tools and components, and can be used to support measurement planning, statistical studies, traceability, etc. The Resources schema was supported by the creation of a new hierarchy of metrology resources in support of the product lifecycle. The QIF Rules schema is under development to provide the language with which manufacturers can define how dimensional measurement equipment is selected for various tasks, and how this equipment is used during the measurement task. The work on QIF Resources has been published in the current ANSI QIF standard, and the work on QIF Rules is under consideration for the next revision of this standard. In addition to the research and development of these iv schemas, work on upstream CAD models has included the development of a translator to and from the QIF modeling schema. Interoperability and potential information loss in this process are discussed. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest acknowledgment toward my advisor Dr. EWARD P. MORSE for his support throughout my PhD. I also would like to appreciate Center for Precision Metrology (CPM) affiliates and members for the funding and guidance conducting my research. I should also extend my gratitude for QIF Measurement Resources and QIF Rules working groups members for their support. I have an amazing family and the words cannot pay the tribute for the sacrifices they have made for me throughout my life. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Preface............................................................................................................................. 1 Product life cycle ............................................................................................................ 3 Metrology Systems ......................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Digital Data Formats in Dimensional Metrology.............................................. 6 Introduction to Digital Data Format in Dimensional Metrology .................................... 6 Product Life Cycle Related Data Formats ...................................................................... 6 Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES): ....................................................... 6 ISO 10303 ................................................................................................................... 8 Data eXchange Format (DXF) .................................................................................. 13 Jupiter Translation (JT): ............................................................................................ 14 PLM XML ................................................................................................................ 14 Metrology Systems Related Data Formats: .................................................................. 15 Inspection Plus, Plus Dimensional Measuring Equipment (I++DME) ..................... 15 Dimensional Metrology Interface Standard (DMIS) ................................................ 16 vii Dimensional Markup language (DML) .................................................................... 17 Q-DAS ASCII Transfer Format ................................................................................ 18 Quality Information Framework (QIF): .................................................................... 21 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 3: Information Modeling Languages ................................................................... 29 Preface........................................................................................................................... 29 Information Modeling Methodologies .......................................................................... 30 IDEF1X ......................................................................................................................... 31 EXPRESS ..................................................................................................................... 33 eXtensible Markup Language Schema (XML Schema) ............................................... 36 Unified Modeling Language (UML) ............................................................................ 41 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 4: QIF Measurement Resources V2.1. ................................................................ 43 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 43 Measurement Devices Complex Types ........................................................................ 47 Autocollimator .......................................................................................................... 47 Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) ............................................................... 48 Comparator ............................................................................................................... 49 Computed Tomography ............................................................................................ 50 Laser Tracker ............................................................................................................ 51 viii Manual Measurement Devices .................................................................................. 52 Microscope ................................................................................................................ 53 Optical Comparator ................................................................................................... 54 Theodolite ................................................................................................................. 55 Universal Length Measuring Machine (ULM) ......................................................... 56 Sensors and Tools Complex Types ............................................................................... 57 Charged Coupled Device (CCD) Camera ................................................................. 58 Capacitive Sensor...................................................................................................... 59 Confocal Chromatic Sensor ...................................................................................... 60 Linear Variable Displacement Transducer (LVDT) Sensor ..................................... 61 Differential Variable Reluctance Transducer (DVRT) Sensor ................................. 62 Draw Wire Sensor ..................................................................................................... 63 Eddy Current Sensor ................................................................................................. 64 Laser Triangulation Sensor ....................................................................................... 65 Magneto-Inductive Sensor ........................................................................................ 66 Structured Light Sensor: The .................................................................................... 67 Tactile Probe Sensor ................................................................................................. 67 Ultrasonic Sensor ...................................................................................................... 68 Auxiliary Complex types 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