Master Thesis MEE09:18 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VERTICAL HANDOVER BETWEEN UMTS AND WLAN by Engr. SYED AMJAD IQBAL Engr. MUHAMMAD AHMAD e.mail:[email protected] e.mail:[email protected] 8010013657 8411242871 Bachelor Of Science Bachelor Of Science Electronic Engineering Computer Engineering Sir Syed University Of Engg. & Tech. Comsats Institute of Information Tech. Pakistan Karachi 2003 Pakistan Lahore 2003 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master Of Science In Electrical Engineering with Emphasis On On Telecommunications March.2009 Blekinge Institute Of Technology Sweden Department Of Telecommunication Systems ABSTRACT Our Master‘s thesis is about Vertical handovers in Heterogeneous networks. Due to lot of benefits provided by both the third generation Mobile phone networks and WLANs, it is desirable to integrate both of these networks. While studies specifying generic integration architectures are abundant, little or no studies are dedicated for applications performance over such heterogeneous networks. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of integrated UMTS and WLAN network by using two types of standard integrated models proposed by 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project) which are open coupling and loose coupling together with network layer mobility management scheme such as Mobile IP. The performance evaluation is carried out for the application i-e FTP, HTTP. We used OPNET 14.5 modular as a simulation tool. We have created a large matrix of performance figures for different network configurations under these two are applications considered. We build the two different scenarios one for loose coupling scheme and other one for open coupling scheme and calculate the different application‘s traffic our concluded results shows that page response time is smaller for loose coupling scheme as compare to open coupling scheme although difference is not so much wide, page response time increases with the passage of time because number of users increases as the time passes. Same is In case for FTP, download response time for FTP is smaller in case of loose coupling scheme. We have also calculated the WLAN performance parameters (delay and throughput) and UMTS downlink traffic sent and received. We have discussed in detail architecture and functionalities of UMTS and WLAN, mobile IP, standard interworked UMTS and WLAN models proposed by 3GPP. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to almighty ALLAH (GOD) the most merciful and beneficial who has made us able to complete our degree of Master in Electrical Engineering. We would like to thank our supervisor Dr.Adrian Popescu Professor Blekinge Institute Of Technology due to his guidance and support we accomplish the task successfully. He is the great professor available all always for his students. We would also like to thank to the programme manager Mr. Mikeal Åsman who every time help us during our stay in the university. He is very much co operative person we haven‘t seen. He always listen all the students with great concentration and find a best solution for their problems. AT this occasion we would also like to thank student coordinator Mrs. Lena Magnusson and Student administrator Mrs. Lina Berglind for their cooperation during our stay in the university. I Syed Amjad Iqbal would dedicate my thesis work to my parents (mummy & spindada) who taught me the lesson of braveness and truth. They always support and encourage me in my whole life. May they live long. My million time thanks and love for my beloved daughter ROKHANA who suffered a lot in my absence. I Muhammad Ahmad would like to dedicate my thesis work to my parents and my cute sisters‘s daughter Mahnoor Asif. LIST OF ABREVIATION 1G First Generation 2G Second Generation Second3G Generation Third Generation Third4G Generation Fourth Generation FourthAMPS Generation Advance Mobile Phone Service AP Access Point AccessASST Point Application Signal Strength Threshold ApplicationBMC Signal Broadcast and Multicast Sub layer StrengthBroadcastBS Threshold and Multicast Base Station SubBaseBSS layer Station Basic Service Set BasicBTS Service Set Base Transceiver Station BaseCA Transceiver Station Collision Avoidance CollisionCDMA Avoidance Code Division Multiple Access CodeCPCH Division Multiple Common Packet Channel AccessCommonCRC Packet Channel Cyclic Redundancy Check CyclicCS Redundancy Circuit Switch CheckCircuitCSMA Switch Carrier Sense Multiple Access Technique CarrierDCF Sense Multiple Distributed Coordination Function AccessDistributedDCH Technique Coordination Dedicated Channel FunctionDedicatedDPDCH Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DedicatedDS Physical Distributed Service ControlDistributedDS-CDMA Channel Service Direct-sequence Code Division Multiple Access DT Discovery Time DiscoveryESS Time Extended Service Set ExtendedESSID Service Set Extended Service Set ID ExtendedETSI Service Set ID European Telecommunication Standard Institute EuropeanFDD Frequency Division Duplex TelecommunicationFrequencyFDMA Division Frequency Division Multiple Access StandardDuplexFrequencyGPRS Institute Division General Packet Radio Service MultipleGeneralGSM Packet Access Radio Global System for Mobile Communication ServiceGlobalHCC System for Handover Control Center MobileHandoverHE Communication Control Center Handover Execute HandoverHiperLAN Execute High Performance Radio Local Area Network HighHSDPA Performance Radio High Speed Downlink Packet Access LocalHighHSPA Speed Area Network Downlink High Speed Packet Access PacketHighIBSS Speed Access Packet Independent Basic Service Set AccessIndependentIR Basic Infra red ServiceInfraITU red Set International Telecommunication Union InternationalMAC Medium Access Control TelecommunicationMediumMD Access Control Mobile Download UnionMobile Download MN Mobile Node MobileMU Node Mobile Upload Mobile Upload NIC Network Interface Card NetworkNTT In terface Card Nippon Telecommunication Telegraph NipponOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing TelecommunicationOrthogonalOFDMA Frequency Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access TelegraphDivisionOrthogonalOSI Multiplexing Frequency Open System Interconnect DivisionOpenPC System Multiple Access Power Consumption InterconnectPowerPCF Consumption Point Coordination Function PointPDCP Coordination Packet Data Convergence Protocol FunctionPacketPE Data Convergence Power Emission ProtocolPowerPSTN Emission Public Service Telephone Network PublicPS Service Telephone Packet Switch NetworkPacketQoS Switch Quality of Service QualityRLC of Service Radio Link Control RadioRNC Link Control Radio Network Controller RadioRNSAP Network Radio Network Subsystem Application Part ControllerRadioRRC Network Radio Resource Control SubsystemRadioRSS Resource Application Control Relative Signal Strength PartRelativeSM Signal Strength System Monitor SystemSSH Monitor Substantial Security Holder SubstantialTCP Security Transport Power Control HolderTransportTDD Power Control Time Division Duplex TimeTDMA Division Duplex Time Division Multiple Access TimeTFCI Division Multiple Transport Format Control Command AccessTransportTS Format Control Time Slot CommandTimeUE Slot User Equipment UserUMTS Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UniversalUPCH Mobile Uplink Packet Channel TelecommunicationUplinkUSCH Packet Channel Uplink Shared Channel SystemUplinkUSHA Shared Channel Universal Seamless Handover Architecture UniversalUTRAN Seamless UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network HandoverUMTSWAP Terrestrial Architecture Radio Wireless Access Point AccessWirelessWEP Network Access Point Wired Encryption Protocol WiredWiFi Encryption Wireless Fidelity ProtocolWireless Fidelity List Of Figures Figure1.1: Physical Structure Of GPRS Burst 6 PhysicalFigure2.1 : 6 IBSS 13 StructureIBSSFigure2.2 Of: 13 Extended Service Set (ESS) 14 GPRS13ExtendedFigure2.3 Burst : 14IEEE 802.11 Architecture 18 Figure2.4: MAC Frame Format 19 6ServiceIEEE 802.11 Set (ESS)ArchitectureMACFigure2.5 Frame : 19Fra me Control Field Format 20 Figure2.6: Physical PDU 25 1418FormatFrame Control 20 19FieldPhysicalFigure2.7 Format PDU : 25IEEE 802.11 Physical Layers Standards 26 2025IEEEFigure3.1 802.11 : 26Model Of Protocol Stacks In UMTS 27 PhysicalModelFigure3.2 Of Layers : 27Operation Of RRC Protocol In UE Capability Enquiry Procedure 28 StandardsProtocolOperationFigure3.3 Stacks : Of 28Reference Architecture Of UMTS Network Based On released 99 33 Figure3.4: Global View Of UMTS Network Including Optional Entities 35 26InRRCReference UMTS Protocol In 33 Figure3.5: The Physical Interaction Between Core Network and UE 35 27UEArchitectureGlobal Capability View Of Of Figure3.6: Network Elements and Signaling Protocols In The CS Domain 37 EnquiryUMTSThe Physical Network 35 NetworkFigure3.7 : Protocol Architecture Of The SS7 In CS Domain 38 ProcedureBasedIncludingInteraction On ElementsProtocolFigure3.8 and: 38Network Elements and Signaling Protocols Within The PS Domain 40 28ReleasedOptionalBetween Entities Core 99 ArchitectureNetworkFigure3.9 : Of 40GTP Tunneling and Encapsulation Principle between GGSN and SSGN 4 0 3335NetworkSignaling and UE GTPFigure3.10 Tunneling: 40Architecture Of UTRAN 42 35ProtocolsTheElements SS7 In and In CS The ArchitectureFigure3.11: Of 42OVSF Code Tree Used For Orthogonal Spreading 46 CSDomainSignalingand Domain UTRANOVSFFigur3.12 Code : 46Spreading and Scrambling Of User Data 47 3738ProtocolsEncapsulation Within SpreadingFigure3.13