TRINITY & CHURCH TO 1054AD RGH 3157/6157 HS Prof. Jaroslav Skira Regis College Office Hours: drop-in anytime (but an appointment is preferred!) 416.922.5474, x.258 [email protected] http://individual.utoronto.ca/jskira revised: January, 2005 Description: The development of christology, pneumatology and trinitarian theology in both Christian East and West to 1054AD. Triadology’s relationship to ecclesiology. Lectures, tutorials, reflection papers, research paper. AD students enrol in RGH6157. [Cross Listed to Theology]. Course text & readings: 1. Studer, Basil. Trinity and Incarnation: The Faith of the Early Church. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996. This textbook is available through Crux Bookstore [behind Wycliffe College]. 2. Weekly “Primary Source” readings on my website [Updated by the end of Wednesday every week]. 3. Some photocopies for the first few weeks, and concluding weeks [I will calculate the cost towards the end of the course]. Course Evaluation, Requirements & Due Dates: a. Synthesis Essay 40% b. Class Presentation & Research Essay 40% c. Class/Tutorial Participation 20% a. Synthesis Essay: The “Synthesis Essay” is to get you to “synthesize” and “summarize” the readings and lectures (i.e., doctrines, figures, themes, etc.) for Weeks #1-6. See the "Essay Requirements" below. Due: Week #7 (February 22; no extensions will be granted). b. Research Essay: Basic Degree Students: The research paper is to be 8-10 pages, and should conform to the "Essay Requirements" listed below. The essay topic will be on the theology of an author(s) or a particular aspect of trinitarian doctrine. These essays will be briefly presented in class in Weeks 11-13 [The exact dates will depend on the size of the class, and some lectures may be re- organized]. The final written essay is Due: Week # 12 (March 29). Advanced Degree students: Same as above, with a 12-15 page essay. You will have the option of doing an alternate assignment instead of the “Synthesis” and “Research Essay” (which I Trinity & Church to 1054 (Prof. J. Skira) - Page 2 of 14 will discuss with you at the end of the first class). c. Class/Tutorial Participation: Lectures will be the first hour of the class, while the tutorials will immediately follow the lecture. Students will be expected to discuss and critique the readings during the lecture and tutorial sessions. This is a very important part of your evaluation, and is not based on attendance. This is where we engage in “collaborative teaching & learning.” Essay Requirements: Research Essays must include a title page, an introductory/thesis paragraph, the main body of text (ideas, arguments, critique), endnote or footnotes, a concluding/summary paragraph, and a bibliography. The research essays are composed of synthesis and critical analysis of a theme/idea/person/event in historical theology and are presented from an objective point of view. All written work is to be typed and double-spaced, and is based in 11-12 pt. font. Plagiarised essays will receive a failing mark. Synthesis Essays include the same structural elements as a “Research Essay” (though no title page & bibliography are required; you may use foot-/endnotes). Basically, I want you to summarize what you have learnt from these weeks into an 8-10 page essay using only the materials from the lectures and assigned readings. You do not need to do any additional research for this. The goals are to say the “most in the least amount of space” and to think historically and systematically. Approximately 10% of the paper, in its conclusion, should include some subjective (personal, spiritual, pastoral, pedagogical) reflections on what you wrote. For a formatting reference guide, see: Kate L. Turabian. A Manual For Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. Chicago: Chicago, 1973. Trinity & Church to 1054 (Prof. J. Skira) - Page 3 of 14 COURSE OUTLINE 1. Introduction - methodology, definitions and researching in the early period. 2. The Witness of the Hebrew Scriptures - God and Israel; God in the Old Testament; names of God; development of monotheism; creation; Spirit, Wisdom & Word. Readings: Fatula, Mary Ann. Chp. 1: "The Triune God and Human Meaning." The Triune God of Christian Faith. Zacchaeus Studies Series. Collegeville: Liturgical, 1990. Johnson, Elizabeth. Chp. 3: “Basic Linguistic Options: God, Women, Equivalence” (42-57) and Chp. 5: “Scripture & Its Trajectories” (76- 103). In She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse. NY: Crossroad, 1995. OT (selections): Gen 1.1-6, 26-27; 16.7-13; Ex 3.1-4.31, 20.1-26; Jer 31.23-37; Is 40.7-8, 53.1- 12, 61.1-2, 61.10-11, 63.11-14; Prov 8.1-3, 22-31; Ps 33.4-7; Ez 2.1-4, 36.26-28. *** Also, familiarize yourself with the terms in Gerald O’Collins, "Glossary." In Tripersonal God. NY: Paulist, 1999. (204-207). *** 3. The Witness of the New Testament - continuity with the monotheism of Israel; what did Jesus say about himself? What did his apostles say about him? Readings: O'Collins, Gerald. In Tripersonal God: Understanding & Interpreting the Trinity. NY: Paulist, 1999. Chp. 3 & 4 [The Trinity in Paul and the Synoptics]. González, Justo L. Chp. 6: “The Struggle Over the History of Israel.” In The Changing Shape of Church History. St. Louis: Chalice, 2002. 83-98. NT (selections): Mk 1.1-13; Mt 3.16-17, 28.19; Lk 1.35; Jn 1.1-18, Jn 14.1-15.26, Jn 17; Act 2.1- 21; 1 Cor 12.1-11; Eph 1.3-14; Rom 1.1-7. 4. The Pre-Nicene Period - the Didachē, Clement of Rome, Justin, Ignatius; Docetism & Gnosticism. Readings: Kärkkäinen, Velli-Mati. Chp. 3: “Classical Theism: What is It?” In The Doctrine of God: A Global Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. 53-59. Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp 1, 3 & 4. On-line readings and materials [on my web-site]. Trinity & Church to 1054 (Prof. J. Skira) - Page 4 of 14 5. The Early Latin West & Irenaeus - Hippolytus, Tertullian, Cyprian & Irenaeus; encounter with Gnosticism. Readings: Kärkkäinen, Velli-Mati. Chp. 4: “Patristic Contributions to Classical Theism.” In The Doctrine of God: A Global Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. 60-81. Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 5 & 6. Zizioulas, John. Chp. 3: “Christ, the Spirit & the Church.” In Being as Communion: Studies in Personhood & the Church. Crestwood: St. Vladimir’s, 1993. 123-142. On-line readings. 6. The Birth of the Alexandrian Tradition - Clement, Origen and Eusebius; God and creation; Hellenistic philosophy. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 7 & 8. Lossky, Vladimir. Chp. 3: “Alexandria.” In The Vision of God. Trans. Asheleigh Moorhouse. Crestwood: St. Vladimir’s, 1983. 45-71. On-line readings. — READING WEEK — 7. The Nicene Period & Constantine - Athanasius; Arianism; ecumenical councils & their reception. Due: Synthesis Essay. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 9 & 10. Hanson, Richard. Chp. 7: “Semantic Confusion.” In The Search for The Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318-381. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1988. 181-207. On-line readings. 8. Cappadocians and Their Influence - the Cappadocians and Hellenism; refinements in trinitarian theology and terminology. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 11, 12 & 15. On-line readings. 9. The West - Ambrose & Augustine - trinitarian theology; psychological analogies; totus Christus. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 13 & 14. On-line readings. Trinity & Church to 1054 (Prof. J. Skira) - Page 5 of 14 10. Christology Unfolds and the Eastern Schisms (431-500) - Ephesus (431); Cyril; Leo the Great; Chalcedon (451); the Assyrian and Oriental Orthodox churches. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 16 & 17. On-line readings. 11. The Later Councils—Attempts at Union (6th-7th) - Gregory the Great and Honorius; monotheletism; Origenism; Pseudo-Dionysius; Maximus the Confessor; Constantinople II (553) and III (680); attempts at re-union in the East. Readings: Studer. Trinity & Incarnation. Chp. 18 & “Retrospect & Prospect.” 239-247. TBA. 12. The Iconoclastic Crisis—Christology as a Justification for Icons (8th) - John of Damascus and Theodore the Studite; encounter with Islam; Christianity in the Eastern part of the empire; Nicea II (787). Readings: TBA 13. Estrangement Between East West, & Conclusion (9th-11th) - Photius, the filioque; Symeon the New Theologian; Anselm of Canterbury; schism of 1054; sketching out some future developments in triadology. Readings: TBA Trinity & Church to 1054 (Prof. J. Skira) - Page 6 of 14 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Note: There are a number of very important reference works on all of the early period. These should be consulted for information and additional bibliographic entries, not only for each individual author, but also for concepts and definitions. (See also my pamphlet on researching in early Christianity: http://individual.utoronto.ca/jskira/PDF/patristic_research-00.PDF] The Encyclopedia of Early Christianity. Ed. Everett Ferguson. NY: Garland, 1990. The Encyclopedia of the Early Church. 2 vols. Ed. Angelo Di Berardino. Trans. A. Walford. Cambridge: James Clarke, 1992. Florovsky, Georges. The Collected Works of Georges Florovsky. 14 vols. Belmont: Nordland & Vaduz: Büchervertriebsanstalt, 1972-1989. [Esp. vols. 7, 8, 9]. Harnack, Adolf von. History of Dogma. 7 vols in 4 vols .Trans. of 3d ed Neil Buchanan. Gloucster, MA: P. Smith, 1976. Kadel, Andrew. Matrology: A Bibliography of Writings by Christian Women From the First to the Fifteenth Centuries. New York: Continuum, 1995. Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Doctrines. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1978. Grillmeier, Aloys. Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (AD451). 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. London: Mowbray, 1975. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. 3 vols. Ed. Alexander P. Kazhdan et al. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Quasten, Johannes. Patrology. 4 vols. Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1996. [biographical and bibliographic entries as well as references to christology]. Selected General Bibliography (Historical and Theological Studies) Note: This section includes some historical-theological works, as well as some modern theologies.