DARE NOT LINGER soldiers from the apartheid South African Defence Force, Bantustan defence forces, IFP’s self- protection units and Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA), the military wing of the PAC. Appendix C van der Merwe, Johan Timeline: 1990–99 (1950–2012). Police officer. Joined the South African Police Force in 1953. Commanded the security branch of the police from January 1986 until October 1989 when he was promoted to deputy commissioner of the South African Police. Became a general in January 1990 when he 11 February 1990: Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison, near Paarl. became commissioner of the South African Police. Retired in March 1995. 27 February 1990: Arrives in Lusaka, Zambia, on his first trip out of South Africa since 1962. Verwoerd, Dr Hendrik Frensch 4 May 1990: He and President F. W. de Klerk sign the Groote Schuur Minute (1901–66). Prime minister of South Africa, 1958–66. Minister of native affairs, 1950–58. agreeing on a common commitment towards the resolution of the National Party politician. Widely considered the architect of apartheid, he advocated a system political conflict, peaceful negotiations, the return of exiles, release of of ‘separate development’. Under his leadership South Africa became a republic on 31 May political prisoners and to lifting the State of Emergency. 1961. Assassinated in Parliament by Dimitri Tsafendas. 6 August 1990: Signs the Pretoria Minute suspending the armed struggle and concerning the release of political prisoners, the return of exiles and Victor Verster Prison obstacles in the Internal Security Act. Low-security prison located between Paarl and Franschhoek in the Western Cape. Mandela 12 February 1991: Signs the D. F. Malan Accord with President de Klerk in an attempt to was transferred there in 1988 from Pollsmoor Prison, and lived in a private house inside the resolve deadlock between the ANC and the government over details of prison compound. There is a statue of Mandela just outside the prison gates. Now named the Pretoria Minute, including what the ANC’s suspension of armed Drakenstein Correctional Centre. conflict entailed and the ongoing release of political prisoners. It is agreed that MK will stop training in South Africa. Viljoen, Constand 14 September 1991: Signs the National Peace Accord, which attempted to curb political (1933–). Politician and military commander. Joined the Union Defence Force in 1956 and violence by specifying codes of conduct for all political parties. It was by 1977 was chief of the army in South Africa. Along with fellow retired army generals, he signed by twenty-seven political, trade union and government leaders. formed the Afrikaner Volksfront in 1993. Before South Africa’s first democratic elections he was thought to have amassed a force of between 50,000 and 60,000 to prepare for war to stop 20 December 1991: Attends the opening of the multiparty negotiations, the Convention for the democratic transition. In March 1994 he led a military effort to protect the head of the a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), at the World Trade Centre, Bophuthatswana homeland against a popular coup. He then split from the Volksfront and co- Kempton Park, near Johannesburg. founded the Freedom Front of which he became leader. His decision to participate in South 24 September 1993: Addresses the United Nations in New York, asking for an end to Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994 is credited with the prevention of loss of life. Retired sanctions against South Africa. in 2001 and handed over leadership of the Freedom Front to Pieter Mulder. 17 November 1993: Attends the CODESA negotiations where the final pieces of the Xhamela interim constitution are agreed upon. (See Sisulu, Walter.) 10 December 1993: Receives the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway, with F. W. de Klerk. 18 December 1993: Meets with the United Nations Special Representative over bringing Zuma, Jacob Gedleyihlekisa the Freedom Alliance (white right-wing groups, the IFP and the (1942–). Politician and anti-apartheid activist. Joined the ANC in 1959 and its armed wing, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei Bantustan governments) into South MK, in 1962. Convicted of conspiring to overthrow the apartheid government in 1963 and Africa’s peace process. sentenced to ten years in prison. On his release, he continued to work for the ANC and rose to the position of chief of intelligence. Became a member of the ANC’s National Executive 27 April 1994: Votes for the first time in his life, in South Africa’s first democratic Committee in 1977. Returned to South Africa in 1990 after the legalisation of the ANC. elections, at Ohlange High School in KwaZulu-Natal. After the 1994 election, he served as provincial minister of economic affairs and tourism in 6 May 1994: South Africa’s first democratic elections are declared free and fair by his home province of KwaZulu-Natal. Elected deputy president of the ANC in December the Independent Electoral Commission. 1997 and deputy president of South Africa in June 1999. On 14 June 2005, President Mbeki removed Zuma from his post as deputy president due to allegations of corruption and fraud. 10 May 1994: Is inaugurated in Pretoria as South Africa’s first democratically Sworn in as president of South Africa, May 2009. elected president. DARE NOT LINGER S UPPLEMENTARY Information 24 May 1994: Makes his first State of the Nation Address in Parliament as president 23 February 1996: Speaks at the National Conference of Commitment: Gender and of South Africa. Women Empowerment, Johannesburg. 13 June 1994: Addresses an Organisation of African Unity Summit in Tunisia. 19 March 1996: He and his wife Winnie Mandela (née Madikizela) are divorced. 18 August 1994: Makes a speech in Parliament to mark his first hundred days as 8 May 1996: Attends a dinner in Cape Town to celebrate the adoption of South president. Africa’s new constitution. 17 November 1994: Passes the Restitution of Land Rights Act into law, restoring the rights 9 May 1996: Makes a statement on the withdrawal of the National Party from the of those dispossessed by discriminatory land legislation dating back to Government of National Unity. the 1913 Land Act. 14 June 1996: Makes a statement on the launch of South Africa’s macroeconomic 15 December 1994: Launches his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. policy, Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR). 17 December 1994: Addresses the Forty-Ninth National Conference of the ANC in 23 June 1996: Addresses a thanksgiving service upon the retirement of Archbishop Bloemfontein. Desmond Tutu, at St George’s Cathedral, Cape Town. 10 February 1995: Returns to Robben Island for a reunion with former political 11 July 1996: Addresses the Joint Houses of Parliament of the United Kingdom, prisoners. London, United Kingdom. 15 February 1995: Announces that he will not run for re-election at the end of his term 14 July 1996: Accompanies French President Jacques Chirac at a military parade on as president. the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France. 18 March 1995: Receives the Africa Peace Award in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. 22 August 1996: Meets the Dalai Lama in Cape Town. 20 March 1995: Receives the Order of Merit from Queen Elizabeth II in Cape Town. 1 September 1996: His office confirms he is in a relationship with Graça Machel. 8 May 1995: Addresses the launch of the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund in 9 September 1996: Begins three-year term as chair of SADC (South African Development Pretoria. Community). 24 June 1995: Attends the final of the Rugby World Cup, which South Africa wins. 2 November 1996: Attends a reunion with his surviving law school classmates from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 19 July 1995: Signs the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act to establish the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). 27 November 1996: Announces that South Africa will cut diplomatic ties with Taiwan and adopt diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. 15 August 1995: Visits Betsie Verwoerd, the widow of Prime Minister H. F. Verwoerd, in the white enclave of Orania. 7 December 1996: Makes a speech to the International Olympic Committee Evaluation Commissions. 19 August 1995: Addresses a rally in Alexandra township, Johannesburg. 10 December 1996: Signs South Africa’s new constitution at Sharpeville. 3 September 1995: Holds talks with Suharto, president of Indonesia, on the conflict in East Timor. 3 February 1997: Addresses the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. 23 October 1995: Addresses the fiftieth anniversary meeting of the United Nations 2 May 1997: Travels to Pointe-Noire in Zaire for peace talks aboard SAS Outeniqua General Assembly, New York, USA. between president of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko and Congolese politician and rebel leader Laurent Kabila. 9 November 1995: Attends the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in New Zealand. 14 May 1997: Arrives and leaves Pointe-Noire after the failure of a second round of peace talks between Zaire’s Mobutu Sese Seko and Laurent Kabila. 23 November 1995: Meets Rivonia Trial prosecutor Dr Percy Yutar at his official residence in Pretoria. 21 May 1997: Attends a World Economic Forum Southern Africa Economic Summit meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe. 13 January 1996: Speaks at the opening of the Africa Cup of Nations soccer tournament. 2 June 1997: Attends an Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Summit, Harare, 23 January 1996: Meets with Mangosuthu Buthelezi in a bid to stop violence in Zimbabwe. KwaZulu-Natal. 4 July 1997: Hosts a party for more than 1,000 children affected with HIV/AIDS 1 February 1996: Opens the Southern African Development Community Consultative and other terminal illnesses. Conference’s Investment Forum, Johannesburg. DARE NOT LINGER S UPPLEMENTARY Information 25 July 1997: Meets with the imprisoned leader of the East Timor Resistance 13 September 1998: Speaks at the opening of a Southern African Development Movement, Xanana Gusmão, in Jakarta, Indonesia.