Draft – October 2013 State Action Plan on Climate Change ‘Towards Balanced Growth and Resilience’ Government of Tamil Nadu 2013 Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To be written by GoTN Draft Version October 2013 ii Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change FOREWORD To be written by GoTN Draft Version October 2013 iii Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 State Profile Chapter 3 Overarching State Framework Chapter 4 Observed Climate and Projections Chapter 5 Agriculture and Allied Sectors Chapter 6 Water Resources Chapter 7 Forests and Biodiversity Chapter 8 Coastal Zone Management Chapter 9 Power and Renewable Energy Chapter 10 Sustainable Habitat Chapter 11 Knowledge Management List of Tables List of Figures List of Boxes List of contents, tables, figures and boxes to be completed once the chapters are finalised and page numbers inserted. Draft Version October 2013 iv Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change Abbreviations/Acronyms Acronym Expanded Form ADB Asian Development Bank AI Artificial Insemination AIBP Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme ANC Antenatal Care ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife API Annual Parasite Incidence ARC Administrative Reforms Commission ARV Anti-Retroviral AT&C Aggregate Technical and Commercial ATDC Apparel Training and Design Centre AWC Anganwadi Centre AWS Automatic Weather Stations BALCO Bharat Aluminium Company BCM Billion Cubic Metres BMC Biodiversity Management Committee BPL Below Poverty Line BRTS Bus Rapid Transit System CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate CBDA Tamil Nadu Biofuel Development Authority CBO Community Based Organisation CCD Conservation cum Development CECB Tamil Nadu Environment Conservation Board CDM Clean Development Mechanism CDP City development Plan CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp CGMFPF Tamil Nadu Minor Forest Produce Federation CHC Community Health Centre CIAE Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering CMFRI Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute CNG Compressed Natural Gas CPSU Central Public Sector Undertakings CREDA Tamil Nadu Renewable Development Authority CRIDA Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture CRMM Tamil Nadu Rajya Matsya Mahasangh TNSAPCC Tamil Nadu State Action Plan CSEB Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board CSFDC Tamil Nadu State Forest Development Corporation CSIDC Tamil Nadu State Industrial Development Corporation CSMPB Tamil Nadu State Medicinal Plants Board CSPGCL Tamil Nadu State Power Generation Company Limited CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DDG Decentralised Distributed Generation DMRC Delhi Metro Rail Corporation DSM Demand Side Management EPC Energy Performance Contracting FDI Foreign Direct Investment Draft Version October 2013 v Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change FSIR Forest Survey of India Report FYP Five Year Plan GDI Gender Development Index GDP Gross Domestic Product GEM Gender Empowerment Measure GER Gross Enrolment Ratio GHG Greenhouse Gas GHI Global Hunger Index GIS Geographical Information System GoCG Government of Tamil Nadu GSDP Gross State Domestic Product HDI Human Development Index IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute IAY Indira Awas Yojana ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICDS Integrated child Development Services IDSP Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme IHDI Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index IHSDP Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme IIDC Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre IIHR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research IIIT International Institute of Information Technology IMR Infant Mortality Rate IPP Independent Power Producer ITDP Integrated Tribal Development Project ITI Industrial Training Institute JFMC Joint Forest Management Committee JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission KM Knowledge Management KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra KYSK Krishi YantraSeva Kendra LAPA Local Action Plan on Adaptation LED Light Emitting Diode LHW Local Health Worker LRTS Light Rail Transit System LWE Left Wing Extremism MBBSY MukhyamantriBalBhavishya Suraksha Yojana MNRE Ministry of New & Renewable Energy MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act MPI Multi Dimensional Poverty Index MPSRTC Madhya Pradesh Road Transport Corporation MPW Multi-Purpose Worker MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises NAIS National Agriculture Insurance Scheme NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change NDP Net Domestic Product NDRI National Dairy Research Institute NFHS National Family Health Service NFSM National Food Security Mission NGO Non-Governmental Organisation Draft Version October 2013 vi Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change NHM National Horticulture Mission NICRA National Initiative On Climate Resilient Agriculture NMPB National Medicinal Plants Board NRCAF National Research Centre for Agro forestry NRHM National Rural Health Mission NRLM National Rural Livelihoods Mission NRW Non-Revenue Water NSDP Net State Domestic Product NTFP Non-Timber Forest Produce NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation O&M Operation and Maintenance PDS Public Distribution System PESA Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas PHC Primary Health Centre PLF Plant Load Factor PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana PPP Private Public Partnership PRI Panchayati Raj Institution PSP Private Sector Participation PUF Plant Utilisations Factor PVTG Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group RE Renewable Energy REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Gram Vidyutikaran Yojna RKBY Rashtriya Krishi Beema Yojna RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana RMSA Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan RSBY Rashtriya Swasthya Beema Yojana SAIL Steel Authority Of India Limited SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SAPCCs State Action Plans for Climate Change SC Scheduled Caste SCERT State Council for Educational Research and Training SERC State Electricity Regulatory Commission SEZ Special Economic Zone SIHFW State Institute For Health and Family Welfare SIPD State Investment Promotion Board SJSRY SwarnaJayantiShahriRozgar Yojna SLB Service Level Benchmarking SPV Solar Photo Voltaic SRI System of Rice Intensification SSA Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan SSC State Steering Committee ST Scheduled Tribe SWAN State Wireless Area Network T&D Transmission and Distribution TB Tuberculosis TBO Tree Borne Oilseeds TOF Trees Outside Forests TSP Tribal Sub Plan Draft Version October 2013 vii Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change UGS Underground Sewerage UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Scheme for Small and Medium Towns ULB Urban Local Body UMTA Urban Metropolitan Transport Authority UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WBCIS Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme WSHG Women’s Self Help Group WUA Water User Association Draft Version October 2013 viii Tamil NaduState Action Plan for Climate Change 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Globally observations point towards a changing climate, as temperatures are increasing, sea levels are rising, with a perceivable increase in severity and frequency of extreme events (IPCC 2007a; SREX, 2012) and the speed of the change is seemingly fast. This is leading to a complex situation, whereby all spheres of our existence are being impacted. Model projections, indicate a further escalation of the situation if greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources keep on rising unabated. It is not surprising, then, that solutions to adapt or mitigate the situation essentially is emerging from indigenous knowledge and state of the art technology and research in all disciplines and fields. Because of the speed at which change is happening due to global temperature rise, it is urgent that the vulnerability to climate change of countries still riding the development ladder is reduced and their capacity to adapt is increased and national adaptation plans are implemented. Future vulnerability depends not only on climate change but also on the type of development path that is pursued. Thus adaptation needs to be implemented in the context of national and global sustainable development efforts. The international community is identifying resources, tools, and approaches to support this effort. Adapting to climate change entails taking the right measures to reduce the negative effects of climate change (or exploit the positive ones) by making the appropriate adjustments and changes. There are many options and opportunities to adapt. These range from technological options such as increased sea defences or flood-proof houses on stilts, to behaviour change at the individual level, such as reducing water use in times of drought and using insecticide-sprayed mosquito nets. Other strategies include early warning systems for extreme events, better water management, improved risk management, various insurance options and biodiversity conservation. 1.2 THE NATIONAL CONTEXT India’s economy and 68.8percent(Census, 2011) of its population residing in rural areas are directly dependent on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries etc. Since climate change is expected to impact natural and human systems adversely by inducing changes in these systems, India can be considered highly vulnerable, as the extent of exposure is very high compared to most countries in the world. Climate change is only likely to exacerbate India’s already high physical exposure to climate-related disasters as 65 percent of India is drought prone, 12 percent