GUIDE TO DHS statistics Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology This document is part of the Demographic and Health Survey’s DHS Toolkit of methodology for the MEASURE DHS Phase III project, implemented from 2008-2013. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by MEASURE DHS/ICF International. [THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK] GUIDE TO DHS STATISTICS Shea Oscar Rutstein, Ph.D. Guillermo Rojas, M.C.S., M.A. Demographic and Health Surveys ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland September 2006 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ iv I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Guide ........................................................................................................... 1 Basic Description of the Demographic and Health Surveys ............................................... 1 II. Overview of Key Aspects of the Organization of DHS Data ................................................ 5 Structure of DHS Data Files ............................................................................................... 5 DHS Data ............................................................................................................................ 5 Household ........................................................................................................................... 5 Household ........................................................................................................................... 5 Household ........................................................................................................................... 5 Woman ................................................................................................................................ 5 Woman ................................................................................................................................ 5 Woman ................................................................................................................................ 5 Recode Files and Recode Variable Naming Conventions .................................................. 8 Missing Values and Other Special Codes ......................................................................... 10 Sampling Weights ............................................................................................................. 12 Century Month Code (CMC) ............................................................................................ 15 Median Calculations ......................................................................................................... 16 All Women Factors ........................................................................................................... 18 Matching Data Files .......................................................................................................... 21 Relationships ..................................................................................................................... 22 Normalization of Household Members and Children ....................................................... 23 III. Guide to Individual Statistics ............................................................................................... 26 Fertility .............................................................................................................................. 26 Current Fertility Rates....................................................................................................... 26 Children Ever Born and Living ......................................................................................... 34 Birth Intervals ................................................................................................................... 36 Age at First Birth .............................................................................................................. 38 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood ................................................................................ 40 Contraception .................................................................................................................... 41 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ............................................................................. 41 Ever Use of Contraceptive Methods ................................................................................. 41 Current Use of Contraceptive Methods ............................................................................ 44 Number of Children At First Use of Contraception .......................................................... 47 Use of Social Marketing Brand of Pill .............................................................................. 49 Knowledge of the Fertile Period ....................................................................................... 50 Age at Sterilization ........................................................................................................... 51 Source of Contraception ................................................................................................... 53 Informed Choice ............................................................................................................... 54 First-Year Contraceptive Discontinuation Rates .............................................................. 55 Reasons for Discontinuing Contraception ........................................................................ 58 Future Use of Contraception ............................................................................................. 60 Reason for Not Intending to Use Contraception ............................................................... 61 Guide to DHS Statistics i September 2003 Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use .......................................................... 62 Exposure to Family Planning Messages ........................................................................... 63 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ...................................................... 64 Discussion of Family Planning With Husband ................................................................. 65 Attitudes Toward Family Planning ................................................................................... 66 Nuptiality .......................................................................................................................... 67 Current Marital Status ....................................................................................................... 67 Number of Co-Wives ........................................................................................................ 68 Age at First Marriage ........................................................................................................ 69 Median Age at First Marriage ........................................................................................... 70 Sexual Intercourse ............................................................................................................. 71 Age at First Sexual Intercourse ......................................................................................... 71 Postpartum Exposure ........................................................................................................ 73 Postpartum Amenorrhea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility .............................................. 73 Menopause ........................................................................................................................ 77 Fertility Preferences .......................................................................................................... 78 Need for Family Planning—Currently Married Women .................................................. 78 Need for Family Planning—Not Currently Married Women and All Women ................ 82 Wanted Fertility Rates ...................................................................................................... 87 Infant and Child Mortality ................................................................................................ 90 Early Childhood Mortality Rates ...................................................................................... 90 Mortality Rate Calculation ................................................................................................ 94 Perinatal Mortality Rate .................................................................................................... 96 High-Risk Fertility Behavior Risk Ratios ......................................................................... 98 Maternal and Child Health .............................................................................................. 100 Antenatal Care ................................................................................................................ 100 Number of Antenatal Care Visits and Timing of First Visit ........................................... 101 Antenatal Care ...............................................................................................................