Bramble Biology

Bramble Biology

Bramble Biology Patrick Byers MU Extension – Greene County University of Missouri 2015 NARBA Conference Outline • What is a bramble or caneberry? • Raspberries and blackberries • Origins of brambles • Bramble growth habits • Types of brambles, horticulturally speaking What is a Bramble? • Genus Rubus • Family Rosaceae • Lots of confusion in this genus – How many species? • Growth habits: shrubs, rigidly erect, arching, trailing Rubus nepalensis Rubus niveus http://tcpermaculture.blogspot.com/2012/02 /permaculture-plants-groundcover.html http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/706/ Rubus pentalobus Rubus caseius http://tcpermaculture.blogspot.com/2012/02 /permaculture-plants-groundcover.html http://www.british-wild-flowers.co.uk/R-Flowers/Rubus%20caesius.htm Raspberries and Blackberries • Genus : Rubus – 12 subgenera – Subgenus: Ideobatus - raspberry – Subgenus: Eubatus – blackberry – Hybrids between the groups Family: Rosaceae Genus: Rubus Subgenus: Ideobatus Subgenus: Eubatus (Raspberries) (Blackberries) R. parvifolius R. idaeus R. occidentalis Erect types and others red & yellow black Eastern semi-erect types Southeastern trailing types R. neglectus Western trailing types purple Evergreen types Blackberry – torus remains in fruit Raspberry – fruit separates from torus Origins of Brambles • Raspberry – center of origin eastern Asia • Blackberry – centers of origin eastern North America and Europe • Rubus species are found worldwide, with greater abundance in the northern hemisphere • America – native types of raspberry and blackberry important for horticulture – Red raspberry – R. idaeus – Black raspberry – R. occidentalis – Blackberries – R. ursinus, R. allegheniensis, others Rubus idaeus Rubus occidentalis Native Rubus species Rubus ursinus Rubus allegheniensis Source: http://plants.usda.gov/ Bramble Growth Habits • Perennial crowns and roots • Biennial canes – Primocanes • First year growth • Usually no blossoms or fruit – Floricanes • Second year growth • Produce blossoms and fruit, then dies Bramble Growth Habits • Bearing habit – Floricane bearing (summer bearing) • First year – vegetative growth of cane • Second year – flowering and fruiting – followed by cane death – Primocane bearing (everbearing) • First year – – bear fruit in upper 1/3 to ½ of cane in late summer and fall – Fruiting portion of the cane dies in fall/winter • Second year – Lower portion of cane produces flowers and fruit – Entire cane dies after fruiting Bramble Growth Habits • Bramble floral and fruit structure – Flower includes 60-160 ovaries – Aggregate fruit composted of small drupelets www.biology-resources.com www.biology-resources.com Bramble Growth Habits • Prickles (or thorns) – Much variability in bramble species http://identifythatplant.com/ Types of Brambles • Raspberry – Red and yellow raspberry – Black raspberry – Purple raspberry • Blackberry – Erect blackberry – Semi-erect blackberry – Trailing blackberry • Raspberry x blackberry hybrids source: ww.ars.usda.gov Red and Yellow Raspberries • Thorny and thornless cultivars • Floricane or primocane bearing habit • Sucker from root www.motherearthnews.com system; form hedgerow • Examples: ‘Heritage’, ‘Prelude’ ‘Caroline’, ‘Anne’, ‘Autumn Britten’ Black Raspberries • Thorny cultivars • Floricane or primocane bearing habit • Sucker from crown • Examples: ‘Bristol’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Mac Black’, ‘Niwot’ (P) Purple Raspberries • Thorny cultivars • Floricane bearing habit • Sucker from crown or from roots (varies) • Examples: ‘Royalty’, ‘Brandywine’ Source: www.sdedible.org Erect Blackberries • Thorny and thornless cultivars • Floricane or primocane bearing habit • Sucker from roots and form hedgerow • Examples: ‘Shawnee’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘PrimeArk Freedom’ (P) Semi-Erect Blackberries • Thornless cultivars • Floricane bearing habit • Sucker from original crown • Examples: ‘Chester’, ‘Triple Crown’ Trailing Blackberries • Thorny and thornless cultivars • Floricane bearing habit • Sucker from original crown • Examples: ‘Marion’, ‘Obsidian’, ‘Metolius’, ‘Black Diamond’ Source: www.ars.usda.gov Blackberry x Raspberry Crosses • Thorny and thornless cultivars • Floricane fruiting habit • Sucker from crown • Example: ‘Tayberry’, ‘Logan’, ‘Boysen’, ‘Wyeberry’ Source: www.chrisbowers.co.uk Any Questions? • Patrick Byers • MU Extension – Greene County • University of Missouri • [email protected] • 417-881-8909 .

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    24 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us