United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37-2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxa should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, APHIS has produced data sheets which detail the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxa are quarantine pest plants. Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheets Table of Contents Click on a quarantine pest plant below to view the corresponding data sheet: Acroceras zizanioides Digitaria ternata Myoporum tenuifolium Actinoscirpus grossus Fuirena ciliaris Ottochloa nodosa Austroeupatorium Gnaphalium affine Persicaria thunbergii inulifolium Isachne globosa Pycreus flavidus Campuloclinium macrocephalum Ischaemum muticum Rubus alceifolius Cyanotis axillaris Kyllinga polyphylla Sagittaria pygmaea Cyperus exaltatus Kyllinga pulchella Tarchonanthus camphoratus Desmostachya bipinnata Mollugo pentaphylla United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet January 9th, 2013 In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37-2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant. The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm Quarantine Pest Plant: Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy12, 13 Family: Poaceae13 Synonyms: Acroceras oryzoides Stapf12 Echinochloa zizanioides (Kunth) Roberty Echinochloa oryzoides (Stapf) Roberty Panicum oryzoides Sw. Panicum oryzoides Stapf Panicum ogowense Franch. Panicum lutetense K. Schum. Panicum balbisianum Schult. Panicum latifolium Hook. f. Panicum zizanioides is still used in some publications2 Common names: oat grass, arracillo13 Distribution of plant: Angola, Argentina, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Bolivia, Cameroon, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Cuba, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Senegal, Sierra Leone, French Guiana, Suriname, Tanzania, Uganda, Uruguay, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe13. Distribution in the United States: none reported14 Damage potential of plant: Acroceras zizanioides is recorded as a principal weed of Trinidad8. It is a vigorous, widespread species, flourishing in semi-aquatic and forest situations in Africa, Asia and tropical America. In West Africa it is locally frequent to abundant, usually in shady sites, in both disturbed and undisturbed soils, in forests and throughout the interior and coastal savannas10. It would seem well adapted to be a significant threat to wetlands and forest in any tropical regions of The United States. References: 1. Adams, C.D., Kasasian, L. and Seyave, J. 1968. Common Weeds of the West Indies. University of the West Indies. 139 pp. 2. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (p. 142) 3. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae) Pergamon Press, Oxford. (pp. 275-276). 4. Burkhill, H.M. 1994. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Families E-I. 2nd edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (p. 172.) 5. Clayton, W.D. 1989. 200. Gramineae (Paniceae, Isachneae and Aruninelleae) In: Launert, E. and Pope, G.V. (eds.) Flora Zambesiaca Volume Ten Part Three. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, London. (pp. 48, 50). 6. Clayton, W.D. and Renvoize, S.A. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). In: (Polhill, R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. (p. 565). 7. Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. 1980. Grass Weeds 1. Documenta Ciba-Geigy, Basel. (p. 1.) 8. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp. 9. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. and Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3 Part 2. Crown Agents, London. (p. 435.) 10. Rose-Innes, R. 1977. A Manual of Ghana Grasses. Ministry of Overseas Development, London. (pp. 87, 89.) 11. Shukla, U. 1996. The Grasses of North-eastern India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. (p. 306). 12. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Jan 2012 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25500095. 13. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) on-line database. ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Accessed on line Jan 21, 2012 at http://www.ars- grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?103442. 14. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS Database http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch, Accessed Jan 21, 2012. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA 15. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference.CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp. United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet January 9th, 2013 In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37-2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant. The following information is extracted from the Weed Science Society of America’s invasive plant fact sheets as a contract product of APHIS, USDA. Please refer to the following link for more information. http://wssa.net/Weeds/Invasive/FactSheets/index.htm Quarantine Pest Plant: Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. & D.A. Simpson2 Family: Cyperaceae Synonyms: Scirpus grossus L.f.8 Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f.) Palla8 Scirpus aemulans Steud. Scirpus maximus Roxb. Hymenochaeta grossa (L.f.) Nees8 Scirpus kysoor Roxb. 2 This is still referred to as Schoenoplectus grossus (e.g Wiersma and Leon, 1999) or Scirpus grossus in some publications, but Actinoscirpus grossus is the preferred generic name in the most recently published flora6. Distribution of plant: China, Japan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia2 Distribution in the United States: none reported Damage potential of plant: Actinoscirpus grossus is recorded as a principal weed for Southeast Asian countries, presumably as a weed of rice crops3. It occurs in swampy and inundated places, pools, ditches, marshes and is locally abundant especially in the lowlands; it is also a host of Chilo polychrysus, the dark-headed rice borer4. This is a robust, widespread and important weed, spreading by stolons and capable of dominating rice crops and wetlands. As such it poses a significant threat to tropical areas of the United States. References: 1. Barnes, D.E. and Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia and their Control. Ancom Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. (pp. 136-137, 146). 2. GRIN 2001. USDA Germplasm Information Network on-line database. ARS National Genetic Resources Program. Access date: Jan 24, 2012. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?409599. 3. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp. 4. Kostermans, A.J.G.H., Wirjahardja, S. and Dekker, R.J. 1987. The weeds: description, ecology and control. In: Soerjani, M., Kostermans, A.J.G.H. and Tjitrosoepomo, G. (eds.) Weeds of Rice in Indonesia. SEAMEO, BIOTROP. (pp. 412-413, incl. illustration). 5. Noda, K., Teerawatsakul, M., Prakongvongs, C. and Chaiwiratnukul, L. 1985. Major Weeds in Thailand. National Weed Science Research Institute, Bangkok. (p. 46). 6. Noltie, H.J. 2000. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Volume 3 Part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. (p. 280). 7. Pancho, J.V. and Soerjani, M. 1978. Aquatic Weeds of Southeast Asia. UPLB, Manila and BIOTROP, Bogor. (pp. 101-103). 8. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed on February, 2012. Online at http://www.tropicos.org/Name/9906183. 9. Wiersma, J.H. and Leon, B. 1999. World Economic Plants: a standard reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 749 pp. 10. Yong, S.H. and Goh, A.K. 1977. Weeds in Padi-Fields (Peninsular Malaysia). Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia. (pp. 14). United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet January 9th, 2013 In