V?E LEASABLE INLAND EIUES PILACTICED AND PANTANAW TOWNSHIPS, YEYARWADY DIVISION PiiB (DISSERTATION) TOE TOE SOE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF YANGON MYANMAR FEBRUARY, 2009 A &au lac^ .^^.C+ Uc-k-^rei'' 2^' y^cvv ^£>«+- STUDY ON SOME LEASABLE INLAND FISHERIES PRACTICED IN YEKYI AND PANTANAW TOWNSHIPS, AYEYARWADY DIVISION PhD (DISSERTATION) TOE TOE SOE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF YANGON MYANMAR FEBRUARY, 2009 STUDY ON SOME LEASABLE INLAND FISHERIES PRACTICED IN YEKYI AND PANTANAW TOWNSHIPS, AYEYARWADY DIVISION TOE TOE SOL THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS IN ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF YANGON FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY REFEREE CHAIRPERSON EXTERNAL EXAMINER Dr. Khin Swe Thoimg Dr. Maung Maung Gyi Dr. Thida Aung Professor / Head (Retired) Professor / Head Associate Professor Zoology Department Zoology Department Zoology Department West Yangon University University ofYangon Lashio University / iY"' SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Professor Dr. Si Si Hla Bu Dr. Khin Mie Mie Pro-Rector Lecturer Hinthada University Zoology Department University of Yangon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professor Dr. Maung Maung Gyi, Head of Zoology Department, University of Yangon is greatly appreciated for giving permission to conduct this work. I would also like to express my heartfiil thanks to Professor Dr. Si Si Hla Bu, Pro-Rector Hinthada University for her supervision and criticism ofthe manuscript. I deeply acknowledge Professor Dr. Khin Maung Saing, Senior Advisor (Rtd.), Biotechnology Department, Yangon Technological University and Part- time Professor, Zoology Department, Dagon University for his kind help and encouragement rendered during the study. I am greatly indebted to Professor Daw Kay Thi, Head of Zoology Department, Sittway University, for her permission to conduct this research. My warmest thanks also extend to U Min Thein, Deputy Director (Rtd.) and Daw Aye Aye Zaw, Assistant Director, Department of Fisheries, Alone Township; U Win Myint, Staff Officer, and the staff of Fisheries Department, Yekyi Township; U Ko Ko Lwin, Staff Officer, and the staff of Fisheries Department, Pantanaw Township, for assisting me in various ways during the field trips. I am very grateful to U Thet Naing, Staff Officer, Export Quality Control Section and Daw Aye Aye Thein, Staff Officer, Freshwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Thakayta, for aiding me in analyzing ofthe samples. 11 ABSTRACT The study was conducted at four study sites; Kyone-ta-myit-kyo 'In' (KTMK), We'-gyi 'In' (WG), Khone-sin-gyi 'In' (KSG) and Kha-nwe-kha-bo 'In' (KNKB) leasable fisheries in Yekyi and Pantanaw townships. The aim was to study fish growth consisting length-weight relationships, and reproductive biology to be compared on productivity and management. Some reproductive aspects of the chosen species, Notopterus notopterus, in three leasable fisheries; KTMK, WG and KSG were studied from January 2006 to November 2007. Fecundity was based on the analysis of 468 females collected during the spawning period. The reproductive period was recorded from June to September. Variation of reproductive aspects consisted of fecundity, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), Stomach Repletion Index (SRI) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSl) were investigated. The peak of GSI was found in July with inverse relationship to HSI. Physico-chemical water parameters were also studied in conjunction with rainfall and correlated to the reproduction of the respective species. Highest fecundity (2601) was observed in KTMK. Growth aspects based on body length and weight, were studied on eight species Labeo rohita^ Catla catla^ Trichogaster pectoralis^ Channa striatus , Wallago attu , Ompok bimaculatus and Notopterus notopterus and Barbodes gonionotus collected fi*om four study sites as well as one species, Aorichthys aor in KTMK from June 2006 to April 2008 . Regression coefficient (b) mean values indicated that all nine fishes with approximately b=3 showing equal growth in length and weight although KTMK had the best value of b= 3.20. The mean values of Kn (relative condition factor) were found to be 1 in all study sites. The mean K (condition factor) values were recorded to be the best condition ranging of 0.65 to 1.76 in KTMK. It was concluded that as fish grows in body proportions, the condition factor increases significantly depending on growth ofeither weight or length. Ill Seven species offishes collected from the study sites were subjected to meat quality analysis for nutritional values of protein, fat, moisture and ash content. Catla catla possessed the highest protein (%) contents showing its suitability to all studied leasable fisheries. The findings are comparatively discussed and suggestions for future work are outlined. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF PLATES ix LIST OF TABLES X CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 2.1 Leasable fisheries 5 2.1 Fish reproduction and fecundity 6 2.3 Length-weight relationship in growth 7 2.4 Condition factor (K) and relative condition 9 factor (Kn) 2.5 Fish proteins and meat quality 10 2.6 Physico-chemical parameters ofwater 11 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 3.1 Study sites 15 3.1.1 Kyone-ta-myit-kyo In 15 3.1.2 We'-gyi In 15 3.1.3 Khone-sin-gyi In 16 3.1.4 Kha-new-kha-bo In 16 Page 3.2 Study period 17 3.3 Specimen collection and identification 17 3.4 Reproductive study 17 3.4.1 Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) 17 3.4.2 Hepatosomatic Index (HSl) 18 3.4.3 Stomach Repletion Index (SRI) 18 3.4.4 Fecundity study 18 3.4.5 Length and weight study 19 3.4.5.1 Length-weight relationship, relative 19 condition factor (Kn) and coefficient of condition (K) 3.5 Fish meat protein analysis 21 3.6 Water physico-chemical parameters 21 3.7 Meteorological conditions 21 3.8 Data analysis 22 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 27 4.1 Recording offish species 27 4.2 Reproductive biology ofNotopterous 27 notopterus 4.2.1 Sex ratio 27 4.2.2 Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) 27 4.2.3 Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) 28 4.2.4 Stomach Repletion Index (SRI) 28 4.2.5 Fecundity 36 VI Page 4.2.5.1 Fecundity and fish length 36 4.2.5.2 Fecundity and fish weight 37 4.2.5.3 Fecundity and ovaiy volume 38 4.2.5.4 Fecundity and ovary weight 39 4.2.5.5 Relative fecundity 40 4.3 Length and weight relationship ofsome fish 66 species 4.4 Nutritional analysis offish meat 88 4.5 Analysis ofwater physico-chemical 91 parameters 4.5.1 pH 91 4.5.2 Temperature 91 4.5.3 Dissolved oxygen 91 4.5.4 Biochemical oxygen demand 91 4.5.5 Chemical oxygen demand 91 4.5.6 Total alkalinity 91 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION ..... 93 SUMMARY 104 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 106 REFERENCES 107 APPENDICES 119 Vll LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 4.1 Relationship between male and female GSI values 33 (January 2006-November 2007) 4.2 Relationship between male and female HSI values 34 (January 2006-November 2007) 4.3 Relationship between male and female SRI values 35 (January 2006-November 2007) 4.4 Relationship between fecundity and fish length in KTMK 41 4.5 Relationship between fecundity and fish length in WG 42 4.6 Relationship between fecimdity and fish length in KSG 43 4.7 Relationship between fecundity and fish weight in KTMK 44 4.8 Relationship between fecundity and fish weight in WG 45 4.9 Relationship between fecundity and fish weight in KSG 46 4.10 Relationship between fecundity and ovary volume in 47 KTMK 4.11 Relationship between fecundity and ovary volume in WG 48 4.12 Relationship between fecundity and ovary volume in KSG 49 4.13 Relationship between fecundity and ovary weight in KTMK 50 4.14 Relationship between fecundity and ovary weight in WG 51 4.15 Relationship between fecundity and ovary weight in KSG 52 4.16 Length-weight relationship ofNotopterus notopterus 77 4.17 Length-weight relationship of Trichogasterpectoralis 78 4.18 Length-weight relationship ofLabeo rohita 79 Vlll Page 4.19 Length-weight relationship ofCa//a ca//a 80 4.20 Length-weight relationship ofChanna striatus 81 4.21 Length-weight relationship of 82 4.22 Length-weight relationship ofBarbodes gonionotus 83 4.23 Length-weight relationship ofOmpok bimaculatus 84 4.24 Length-weight relationship of aor 85 IX LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 3.1 Map ofthe study sites 23 3.2 Sample collecting sites 24 3.3 Studied fish species, N. notopterus 25 3.4 Gonadosomatic study 26 4.1 Studied fish species for length-weight relationship study 67 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 4.1 Recorded fish species in the study sites 29 4.2 Sex ratio ofNotopterus notopterus from KTMK,WG and 32 KSG (2006) 4.3 Sex ratio ofNotopterus notopterus from KTMK,WG and 32 KSG (2007) 4.4 Relationship between absolute fecundity, various sizes of 53 body and ovary parameters ofN. notopterus in KTMK (2006) 4.5 Relationship between absolute fecundity, various sizes of 54 body and ovary parameters ofN. notopterus in KTMK (2007) 4.6 Relationship between and fish weight, ovary weight and 55 relative fecundity ofN. notopterus in KTMK (2006) 4.7 Relationship between and fish weight, ovary weight and 56 relative fecundity ofN. notopterus in KTMK (2007) 4.8 Relationship between absolute fecundity, various sizes of 57 bodyand ovary parameters ofN. notopterus in WG(2006) 4.9 Relationship between absolute fecundity, various sizes of 58 body and ovary parameters ofN. notopterus in WG (2007) 4.10 Relationship between andfish weight, ovary weight and 59 relative fecundity ofN. notopterus in WG (2006) 4.11 Relationship between and fish weight, ovary weight and 60 relative fecundity ofW. notopterus in WG (2007) XI Table Page 4.12 Relationship between absolute fecundity, various sizes of body and ovary parameters ofN.