LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY – TWO EXAMPLES OF BANAT BULGARIAN LITERARY TRADITION Senem Konedareva American University in Bulgaria, Arts, Languages, and Literature Department ABSTRACT BANAT LITERARY TRADITION - 50’s and 60’s of XIX AD CHRONOLOGICALLY - THE FIRST PRINTED BOOKS OF THE BANAT LITERARY TRADITION: The main focus of my presentation is two books from the Banat literary tradition presenting THE UNKNOWN “MOLITVENO KNIGCHE” the first stage of the efforts for creating an official literary micro language of the Banat Bulgarian Manachja kathekismus za katholicsanske paulichane. Pisalj Imre Berecz, misnik; Dali stampati Peter Uzun, breshchenski birov. Temisvar: Josu Beichel, printed 1851; While for the first - “Duhovni glas….” we can discover some data in the Manen katekizmus za R. kátulicsanske pavlityene. Jván Uzun, ucsitely. Szegedin, printed in 1858; community. The two printed books “Duhovny glas ali molitvi kasi” and “Molitveno knigce’, the first great researchers of the Banat Bulgarian diaspora, language and culture L. published in 1860, and the second published before 1863 by the Beshenov clergyman Andria Duhovni glas ali mulitivi kasi, Détu sutrina i vecsar: pud s. Misa, na prech, I sled Ispuved I Pricses: I u seku vreme moxat da se molat, za Boguljubni Kraztjane Palichene, parvi pach izdadini. U Szigyidin, Tiparisal G. Burger, published in1860, by Andria Klobuchar (Miletich 1987:488 - 492). Miletich (1900, 1904), S. Stojkov (1967, 1968), K. Telbizov (1984) and Klobuchar are examples from the early Banat Bulgarian Literary texts. By the creation of the some others, for the second book there are no data discovered, except literature on the ground of the Banat vernacular, the community achieved recognition of their In the chronology of printing, our two books are situated in the first stage of the creation of the Banat literary tradition – 50’s and 60’s of XIX century because the second edition of the original one mentioning in Miletich’s “Literature and language of Banat Bulgarians” Bulgarian ethnic identity that continues nowadays. In the poster, the two books will be placed “Duhovni glas…”, printed in 1880 by Ivan Jäger and Nikola Petrov in Szeged, is printed post-mortem of its author A. Klobuchar with the appreciation of his supporters and is expanded with (Miletich 1987: 501-502). Thus, there are some uncertainties in the claims chronologically in the process for development of the literary tradition. I will direct audience’s more religious songs written by him. The songs find their place in a new chapter “Bulgarian church songs” („Balgarschi Csarkveni pesmi za predinata na praznici I u seku vreme u kasu that A. Klobuchar is the author of the second book, presented here. As well attention to the language of the books that preserved all dialectal characteristics of its dialectal ubarnati na pavlichenschia jezich ud Andria Klobucsar. U Szigyidin, Tiparisal Gustav Burger, 1881”). As a clergymen in Star Beshenov (today Dudeştii Vechi, Romania, or in Paulician as in the exact date of its printing. While Miletich (Miletich 1900,1904), group and many archaic features of Bulgarian, as well as shows some level of language vernacular - Star Bişnov) A. Klobuchar started learning Bulgarian vernacular, popularly named by the members of the community „Palćensći jazić”, and by the demand of his parishioners supported by Stoykov (Stoykov 1967), argues about the originality of the interference such as borrowings, calques and neologisms mostly from Croatian, Hungarian, started translating the main Gospel texts and creating songs for the use of his church service. Believing texts claiming that the texts are borrowed and translated from the Roman that he will reach deeper understanding of the religious texts by using wording in their native language German and some old Turkish-isms. In 60’s of XIX AD the vernacular of Bulgarian Banat minority is printed „Nauka kristianska za kristianete od filibeliskata Darxiava. codified as an official literary language and is used by the population as one of the official thus he will reduce the distance between him and the members of the community. Alphabetum Bulgaricum sive Cyrillianum. U Rim, 1844” by Y. Yakovski languages of the community. It uses Latin alphabet adapted to the phonetic characteristics of the Encouraged by the previously created in Rome religious books on the Paulician dialect for the use of (Miletich 1987:489) and „Knigice od molitvi, kojeto na svetlost dad prisvetli language. The process of standardization and codification of the vernacular started during the Bulgarian Paulicians around Plovdiv, Klobuchar translated and wrote two books contributing for the gospodin Karlo Pooten, biskup od Maronia I apostolski namestnik od second half of the XIX century by a group of Beshenov’s teachers and clergymen. Presented books beginning of the Banat literary tradition. Autivari. Tiparisano u Rim, 1866.” using the Italian Latin alphabet, I can are interesting for the linguists to be researched from many aspects: first the orthographic system in THE TRADITION CONTINUES say that after a comparative analysis of the two mentioned books, I found which the texts of the books are presented is not the same as the one of the official language used Printed books that establish the codification and institutionalization of the Banat vernacular, as many similarities, but interestingly enough here, is that Klobuchar adapted nowadays, the texts are written in Paulician language with pre-official orthography adapted by their official literary language, preserving their faith and identity, transforming it into the official his texts to the dialect variant spoken in Beshenov – phonetically and Klobuchar especially for his books; second it is interesting that Klobuchar consecutively used the code of communication in the schools and religious services are created by Jozeph Ril – lexically. In support of the claim that Klobuchar is the author of the book created by him orthography in representation of many of the phonological characteristics of the clergymen in Banat with the permission of the high Roman Catholic clerics - Balgárskutu are some more: vernacular; third, from grammatical aspect there are many features that could be researched and právupisanij. Pisanu I dumêstinu ud Józu Rill, naúčnič. U Péštà.Stampisanu vaz G.Emich, presented by the scholars as sustainably preserved features typical for the dialect; fourth, but not 1866, Pučelnica za Bâlgarsćite narudni škuli.Buda, 1869 EVIDENCES: least, the process of codification of the language started from the canonic texts and ends as an Presented example is from the first pages of “Molitveno The fact that the graphic system of the book is the same as in the official literary language of the community and is sacredly kept as an identification code as their First page of “Duhovni glas …”, second edition, printed post-mortem of its author with knigche” (Book of prayers). As could be seen, it presents “Duhovni glas….”; mother tongue, but also for the use in official institutions – church and schools. the appreciation of his supporters. The edition is expanded with “Bulgarian church the same black and white image of St. Merry the Virgin The texts included in the book are some of the prayers and songs from songs” written by A. Klobuchar. along with two prayers. “Duhovni glas……” but are not all the same; The religious prints are exactly the same as in the first book; INTRODUCTION THE LANGUAGE A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE BANAT BULGARIAN COMMUNITY THE VERNACULAR DUHOVNI GLAS ALI THE LANGUAGE OF THE BOOKS Наука християнска..... Духовни глас..... MOLITVENO KNIGCHE The history of Paulician vernacular is interesting, as the same as the history and UCCÈNI SÈDMO Apushtolsku Veruvanji MOLITVI KASI Hòrtùvase près kùp zà the journey of the people speaking it. As descendants of the Bulgarian Paulicians As I mentioned above, the originality of the texts is questionable and requires comparative analysis poghlàunite Vervam u Boga, satmoxni Banat Bulgarians are a small community of Bulgarian Roman Catholics situated in the region dèla od naùka kristiànska. Bashta, koj storil nebeto I settled in some villages around Plovdiv (see the map in the Intro section), the between the two books written and printed in Rome, 1844, 1866 by Jakov Jakovski – Bulgarian Paulician of Banat nowadays divided in two different countries Serbian Banat and Romanian Banat. Historically zemete, I u Isukrasta negva P. Kaxi Vèrvanito. members of the Banat community preserved the dialect of their ancestors, clergymen served as a priest in the Paulician villages around Plovdiv. Following the tradition established idina sin nasha Guspudin, Banat Bulgarians are descendants of those Bulgarian immigrants in the region of Banat back then O. 1. As vèrvam u Bògha Otza koj sej zacsanal ud Duha characterized by the Bulgarian dialectology as Paulician dialect - a part of the for the Bulgarian Paulicians – Banat clergymen started the creation of their own religious literature for the svemoghùkiga stroitle od Nèbe ruled by the Habsburgs and settled in the region after the unsuccessful Chiprovtsi Uprising against need of the Banat Bulgarian community. It is important to be mentioned here that the questions about the i od svetoga, I sej rudil ud East Bulgarian dialectal group, Middle Roup (Rhodope) dialectal sub-group. Divica Maria, macin pud the Ottoman rule in 1688. The ethnonym that the minority group uses for itself is Paulicians, and so originality of the texts of the two books are not so relevant when speaking about religious literature – the zème. What is of interest here, is the fact that the two-century separation of the 2. J u Jssukràsta Sina nègova Poncia Pilata, raspren, does the vernacular of the minority is named Paulician language that holds Eastern characteristics of religious literature must be rewritten and must follow the canonic requirements of the religious texts, thus je- umrel, I zarovin, slezal u vernacular from the main Bulgarian language territory, despite the pressure from dinoga, Gospodina nàscega. pakale, trechij denj the Eastern Bulgarian dialects group.