VELLORE DISTRICT TAMILNADU DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT GRANITE As per notification No. S.O. 3611 (E) New Delhi, The 25th July 2018 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT VELLORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU (As per notification No.S.O.3611(E) New Delhi, the 25thJuly, 2018 of MoEF& CC, Govt. of India.) by DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINING GOVT. OF TAMIL NADU DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - GRANITE Chapter Content Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District 2 3. General Profile of the District 2 4. Geology of the Vellore District 3 5. Drainage of Irrigation pattern 8 6. Land Utilisation Pattern in the District: Forest, Agricultural, 9 Horticultural, Mining etc., 7. Surface Water and Ground Water scenario of the District 10 8. Rainfall of the District and climatic condition 11 9. Details of Mining Leases in the District 13 10. Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 16 11. Details of Production of Minor Mineral in last three years 16 12. Mineral Map of the District 17 13. List of Letter of Intent (LOI) Holder in the District along with its 18 validity as per the following format 14. Total Mineral Reserve available in the District 21 15. Quality/Grade of Mineral available in the District 21 16. Use of Mineral 29 17. Demand and supply of the Mineral in the last three years 29 18. Mining Leases marked on the map of the district 19. Details of the area of where there is a cluster of the mining leases, location (latitude and longitude) 20. Details of Eco-sensitive area if any, in the District 30 21. Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Flora & Fauna, land use, agriculture, Forest etc.,) due to Mining activity 22. Remedial measures to mitigate the impact of mining on the 32 Environment 23. Reclamation of the mined out area. 34 24. Risk assessment & Disaster Management Plan 34 25. Details of the Occupational health issue in the District 36 26. Plantation and Green belt development in respect of leases 37 already granted in the district 27. Any other information 37 -1- 1) INTRODUCTION In pursuance of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India Gazette Notification No.S.O.141(E) dated 15.01.2016, S.O.190(E) dated 20.01.2016 and No.S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 the District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District Environment Appraisal Committee (DEAC) were constituted for the grant of Environmental Clearance for category “B2” projects for quarrying of Minor Minerals. Under the para 7 (iii) of the said notification “Preparation of District Survey Report for Sand Mining or River Bed Mining and Mining of other Minor Minerals” is mentioned along with the procedures for preparation of the report in Appendix-X of the said notification. In continuation, the District Level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC) will scrutinize and screen the scope of category “B2” projects pertaining to mining of minor mineral of lease area less than or equal to five hectare shall require prior environmental clearance from District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and in turn DEIAA would grant Environmental Clearance based on the recommendations of the DEAC for the Minor Minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities along with other relevant data of the District. Earlier, the GSI has carried out detailed survey and prepared DSR. Now it has been modified as per Government of India Gazette Notification No.S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018. -2- 2) Overview of Mining Activity The Granite quarry operation is being carried out by opencast semi mechanized, method with formation of benches. The production of granite dimensional stone involves the following steps. i) Splitting of rock mass from parent sheet. ii) Secondary splitting of granite blocks iii) Dressing of Granite blocks iv) Dumping of waste material within the lease area. In Vellore District, 12 granite quarries are existing, mostly owned by Tamin Limited and some private parties and production details as follows. Sl.NO. NAME OF MINERAL PRODUCTION IN CUBIC METRE (2018-19) 1. Black Granite - 2. Colour Granite 1988.429 3) General Profile of the District: Vellore is one of the biggest districts in Tamil Nadu. The district is primarily agrarian with majority of its population involved in agriculture. Leather based industry is the main industry in this district. Vellore district has an area of 6077 km². Vellore district lies between 12°15’ to 13°15’ North latitudes and 78°20’ to 79°50’ East longitudes in Tamil Nadu State. The largest telescope in India is situated in this district at Kavalur and is a centre for planetary studies. Elagiri hills situated in this district is serving as one of the tourist / hill station in Northern Tamilnadu attracted by peoples of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states. 4) Geology of the District: The major part of the district is covered by metamorphosed crystalline rocks of the Charnockite Group and the Migmatite Complex of Archaean age. South of Palar River, the area where the Charnockite Group of rocks is spread over comprises -3- charnockite, pyroxene granulite, magnetite quartzites and younger basic dykes intruding into them. The Migmatite Complex comprising biotite gneisses, agmatitic gneisses, sub-augen gneiss, quartzofeldspathic gneisses and gneissic granites with pink permeation is seen around Elagiri and Koratti hills. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex consisting of fissile hornblende gneiss, granite ode gneiss and younger granites occur to the north of Palar River. Younger dykes are profusely noted in these gneisses. The Proterozoic Alkaline group of rocks occurs in the Koratti and Elagiri hills. -4- The Alkaline carbonatite complexes located in a 250 km long and 25 km wide belt, trending NNE-SSW, extend from Gudiyattam in the north to Bhavani in the south. The Late Proterozoic period in Tamil Nadu witnessed large-scale extensional tectonism with the formation of deep crustal fractures with intrusion of alkaline related plutons and granites. The alkaline related plutonism was widespread in the north in parts of Vellore, Dharmapuri and Salem Districts, where a number of ultramafic- syenite-carbonatite bodies of Elagiri, Koratti, Samalpatti and Pakkanadu occur in a NNE-SSW trending zone extending from Gudiyattam in the north to Bhavani in the south over about 200km. A number of smaller ultramafic-syenite-carbonatite bodies also occur along sub-parallel NNESSW trending fault/shear zones on both sides of the main zone of alkaline activity. Recent studies indicate that the alkaline plutonic activity extends further NNE, beyond River Palar The complexes are emplaced into the charcnockite group of rocks and their migmatitic equivalents of amphibolite facies grade. These complexes have formed the locci of mineralisation. The major lithounits forming the alkaline group are epidote hornblende gneiss, pyroxenite, gabbro, gabbroic anorthosite, syenite, carbonatite with lamprophyre dykes and quartz-barytes veins. Banded magnetite quartzite, charnockite and pyroxene granulite occur as enclaves. The Koratti syenite carbonatite complex occurring in near the Koratti Village is an inverted pear shaped body extending into Krishnagiri district. The Elagiri syenite comprises porphyritic, pink grey syenite and medium grained quartz syenite. These are emplaced into the charnockites and Peninsular Gneissic Complex comprising white silvery granitic gneiss, granitoid gneiss, agmatitic gneiss and amphibolite. Lamprophyre and dolerite dykes occur as basic intrusives in the gneisses. The Younger intrusives in this area are quartz veins, quartz baryte veins and aplite veins. -5- In northern part of Arakkonam, Savudu Formation is exposed comprising conglomerate, sandstone and clay of lower Cretaceous age. Quaternary formations are represented by the Palar Alluvium which increases in thickness towards east, comprising sand, silt and clay admixtures. The foliation of the gneiss varies from N15°E-S15°W to N80°E-S80°W. F2 folds are prominent in the Javadi hills. The patterns of the feldspars show inward dips suggesting a basinal structure. The Pambar Shear trends NNE-SSW to NE- SW and extends on the western side of the area along the river course. Three generations of folds have been established in the area with minor, younger folds. Elagiri Syenites: The Elagiri Syenite Complex comprises ultramafic, mafic and a variety of syenites with injections of carbonatite, felsite, lamprophyre, pegmatite and quartz / barite veins. Very coarse, grey syenite occupy the southeastern part of the hill and the plains to the south are the oldest unit within the syenite complex. Grey and pink porphyritic syenite and medium grained syenite occur in succession to the north in an arcuate shape. Pegmatoidal syenite is exposed in the lower slopes on the northwestern part of the massif and leuco syenite in the lower slopes of the NE and ESE parts. Porphyritic hornblende syenite is found near the contact between grey porphyritic syenite and pyroxenite. Aplitic syenite veins are seen at many places in the eastern plains. A number of thin pegmatite veins are exposed along the southern slopes and quartz veins on the plains to the northeast of the hill. Carbonatite boulders are seen along the southern slopes. A diatreme igneous breccia is exposed to the north of the hill. Shearing effects are observed all along the peripheries of the Elagirihill, besides some minor shears within the syenite. Different generation of alkaline ultrabasic rocks, syenite and their xenoliths suggest multiple tectonic episodes in the formation of the Elagiri syenite pluton. -6- The contact between the alkaline pluton and the country is not exposed due to thick soil cover. Nevertheless, at places particularly in the western and southern margin close spaced intense fracturing in both alkaline pluton and the country rock has been observed.