$10.00 (Free to Members) VOL. 45, NOS.1&2 • JUNE 2017 FREMONTIA JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY LICHENSLICHENS ANDAND BRYOPHYTESBRYOPHYTES TEJONTEJON RANCHRANCH REVISITEDREVISITED BIGCONEBIGCONE DOUGLAS-FIRDOUGLAS-FIR VOL. 44, NO. 3, DECEMBER 2016 FREMONTIA VEGETVEGETATIONATION MAPPINGMAPPING ANDAND RE-MAPPINGRE-MAPPING V45_2_cover.pmd 1 6/9/17, 6:51 AM CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY CNPS, 2707 K Street, Suite 1; Sacramento, CA 95816-5130 FREMONTIA Phone: (916) 447-2677 Fax: (916) 447-2727 Web site: www.cnps.org Email: [email protected] VOL. 45, NOS. 1&2, JUNE 2017 MEMBERSHIP Copyright © 2017 Members receive many benefits, including subscriptions to Fremontia and California Native Plant Society the CNPS Bulletin. Membership form is on inside back cover. Mariposa Lily . $1,500 Family or Group . $75 Michael Kauffmann, Editor Benefactor . $600 International or Library . $75 Patron . $300 Individual . $45 Beth Hansen-Winter, Designer Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income . $25 CORPORATE/ORGANIZATIONAL ISSN 0092-1793 10+ Employees . $2,500 4-6 Employees . $500 7-10 Employees . $1,000 1-3 Employees . $150 california Native STAFF & CONTRACTORS Plant Society Dan Gluesenkamp: Executive Director Milo Baker: Leia Giambastiani, Sarah Chris Brown: Admin Assistant Gordon Protecting California’s Native Flora Jennifer Buck-Diaz: Vegetation Ecologist Mojave Desert: Timothy Thomas Since 1965 Catherine Curley: Assistant Botanist Monterey Bay: Christopher Hauser Julie Evens: Vegetation Program Dir. Mount Lassen: Woody Elliot The views expressed by authors do not Stacey Flowerdew: Membership & Napa Valley: Henni Cohen necessarily reflect established policy or Development North Coast: Carol Ralph procedure of CNPS. Vern Goehring: Legislative Analyst North San Joaquin: Jim Brugger Kaitlyn Green: Assistant Rare Plant Orange County: Dan Songster Botanist Redbud: Denise Della Santina Laureen Jenson: Accounting & HR Riverside/San Bernardino: Katie Barrows Michael Kauffmann: Fremontia Editor Sacramento Valley: John Hunter David Magney: Rare Plant Program Mgr. San Diego: Bobbie Stephenson North Coast Shasta Statewide Chapters Mark Naftzger: Webmaster San Gabriel Mtns.: Orchid Black Liv O’Keeffe: Marketing and Comms. Dir. San Luis Obispo: Bill Waycott Bryophyte Chapter Jaime Ratchford: Assoc. Veg. Ecologist Sanhedrin: Jennifer Riddell Mt. Lassen Becky Reilly: Events Coordinator Santa Clara Valley: Stephen Rosenthall Kendra Sikes: Vegetation Ecologist Santa Cruz County: Deanna Giuliano Tahoe Aaron Sims: Rare Plant Botanist Sequoia: Vacant Sanhedrin Redbud Sacramento Dorothy Greg Suba: Conservation Program Dir. Shasta: Ken Kilborn Milo El Dorado King Young Napa Baker Valley Karen Whitestone: Conservation Analyst Sierra Foothills: Bob Dean Willis Linn Jepson Brock Wimberley: Ops & Finance Dir. South Coast: David Berman Sierra Foothills Marin East Tahoe: Brett Hall Bay North TheSan Joaquin bright orange splash of lichen at the peak of this outcrop tells us something—there’s nitrogenWillis input L. Jepson: at that Stephen spot. GoetzIn this case, the Yerba Buena Santa CHAPTER COUNCIL—CHAPTERS Clarasource is birds perching-and pooping-on the rock’s summit. Photographs by Shelly Benson unless otherwise noted. Valley & DELEGATES Yerba Buena: Ellen Edelson Santa Cruz County Sequoia Bristlecone Marty Foltyn: Chair Monterey Larry Levine: Vice Chair 2017 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Bay SEEINGAlta Peak LICHENS. AND WHAT THEY TELL US Judy Fenerty: Secretary Steve Hartman: President ABOUT OURAlta Peak: ENVIRONMENT Melanie Keeley Bill Waycott: Vice President San Luis Obispo Kern Baja: César GarcÌa Valderrama Gabi McLean: Treasurer Mojave Bristlecone:by Shelly Katie Benson Quinlan Carolyn Longstreth: Secretary Bryophyte: Paul Wilson Julie Clark DeBlasio: Director Channel Islands San Gabriel Mtns. Channel Islands: Andrea Adams-Morden Brett Hall: Director Riverside – San Bernardino Dorothy King Young: Nancy Morin David Pryor: Chapter Council Rep. Los Angeles – Orange ichensSanta are Monica found Mtns. County all around us, the object,East a Bay: recognition Barbara Leitner link is made can’tGordon believe Leppig: that Director they had been walk- El Dorado: Alice Cantelow Cari Porter: Director growing in nearly every Sanhabitat Diego and one cannot help but see it in ing blindly past this diverse group and onSouth any Coast stable substrate. Yet, one’s surroundings.Kern County: Rich As Spjut a lichenolo- ofJean organisms Robertson: for Director so long. Seeing the they are often overlooked be- gist, myLA/Santa mission Monica is to Mtns.: help Snowdy people Dodson amazingCris Sarabia: colors, Director shapes, and textures Marin: Charlotte Torgovitsky Vince Scheidt: Director Lcause many people are unsureBaja of “see” lichens. When I lead nature of lichen can give great enjoyment. California walks, I explain the basics about what lichens are. I once heard some- MATERIALS FORBut PUBLICATION that’s not all—lichens are widely one speak on the topic of how words lichens CNPSand pointmembers out and examples others are welcome of toused contribute as indicators materials forof airpublication quality, in cli- affect our ability to see. The speaker’s the differentFremontia lichen. See the growth inside backforms: cover for mate,submission and instructions. old growth forests; once point was that an object right under foliose, fruticose, and crustose. Al- you learn to see lichens you can Staff and board listings are as of June 2017. your nose could go unnoticed until most immediately, peoplePrinted bybegin Modern to Litho: discoverwww.modernlitho.com the stories that they tell you have a word for it. By naming observe lichens everywhere. They about our environment. FREMONTIA2 FREMONTIA VOL.VOL. 45,44, NOS.NO. 3, 1 DECEMBER& 2, JUNE 20172016 V45_2_cover.pmdV45_2_book.pmd 2 6/9/17, 6:516:52 AM CONTENTS SEEING LICHENS…AND WHAT THEY TELL US ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT by Shelly Benson ........................................................................... 2 Lichens display an amazing variety of colors, shapes, and textures. But that’s not all— lichens are widely used as indicators of air quality, climate, and old-growth forest health. LICHEN CONSERVATION IS COMPLICATED by Rikke Reese Næsborg .............................................................................................. 8 Like other rare, endangered, or threatened organisms lichens need protection, but management decisions are challenged by the lack of knowledge about lichen distribu- tion and ecology. A BIT ABOUT BRYOPHYTES by Marie Antoine ................................................... 12 Lichens and bryophytes co-occur in various ecological niches. “Bryophyte” is a general term referring to mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These tiny plants are often overlooked, but close observation reveals a fascinating miniature world with an intricacy of form and diversity of function. TIMES THEY ARE A CHANGING: VEGETATION MAPPING AND RE- MAPPING EFFORTS ACROSS CALIFORNIA by Todd Keeler-Wolf, Rachelle Boul, Jennifer Buck-Diaz, and John Menke ............................................................... 18 This article explores the value of repeat vegetation mapping while explaining the careful steps that must be taken to guarantee highest value for change detection. TEJON RANCH—LAND OF CONTRAST, BOTANICAL RICHNESS, AND ONGOING DISCOVERY by C. Ellery Mayence, Nick Jensen, Neal Kramer, Laura Pavliscak, and Michael D. White ................................................................... 25 Tejon Ranch, an amalgamation of numerous iconic California landscapes, is a hub of biodiversity conservation, environmental education, and scientific research in the Tehachapi Region. BIGCONE DOUGLAS-FIR MAPPING AND INVENTORYING IN THE ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST by Michael Kauffmann, Julie Evens, and Jaime Ratchford .................................................................................................. 30 The California Native Plant Society, in collaboration with the US Forest Service, assessed the extent and status of the California endemic bigcone Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) in the Angeles National Forest. BOOK REVIEWS ........................................................................................................................42 On the cover: Lichens glow at sunrise, decorating the upper redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) canopy in Redwood National and State Parks. Photo by Marie Antoine. VOL. 45, NOS. 1 & 2, JUNE 2017 FREMONTIA 1 V45_2_book.pmd 1 6/9/17, 6:52 AM The bright orange splash of lichen at the peak of this outcrop tells us something—there’s nitrogen input at that spot. In this case, the source is birds perching-and pooping-on the rock’s summit. Photographs by Shelly Benson unless otherwise noted. SEEING LICHENS. AND WHAT THEY TELL US ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT by Shelly Benson ichens are found all around us, the object, a recognition link is made can’t believe that they had been walk- growing in nearly every habitat and one cannot help but see it in ing blindly past this diverse group and on any stable substrate. Yet, one’s surroundings. As a lichenolo- of organisms for so long. Seeing the they are often overlooked be- gist, my mission is to help people amazing colors, shapes, and textures Lcause many people are unsure of “see” lichens. When I lead nature of lichen can give great enjoyment. what lichens are. I once heard some- walks, I explain the basics about But that’s not all—lichens are widely one speak on the topic of how words lichens and point out examples of used as indicators