Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 FOUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 5 IssueMembers 1-2 2011 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Deputy Editor-in-Chief EYVAZOV of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of Social and Political Studies (Azerbaijan) Rauf Ph.D., Leading research associate of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GARAGOZOV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Archil Ph.D. (Geography), Senior fellow at the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and GEGESHIDZE International Studies (Georgia) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GULIYEV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Shamsaddin D.Sc.(Economy), Professor, Rector of the Azerbaijan State Economic University HAJIYEV (Azerbaijan) Jamil HASANLI D.Sc. (History), professor at Baku State University (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury; Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.K.) Roin Doctor of History, professor, academician of the Georgian National Academy of METREVELI Sciences, President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians, member of the Presidium of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) Fuad Ph.D. (Economy), Counselor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the MURSHUDLI International Bank of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Mehdi SANAIE Professor, Tehran University, Director, Center for Russian Studies (Iran) S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla Doctor of History, professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2011 98 Alovsat Guliyev, AZ1009 © CA&CC Press®, 2011 Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2011 4 Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS CENTRAL EURASIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF SECURITY: Jannatkhan A REGIONAL SYSTEM OR A SUBSYSTEM? EYVAZOV 6 THE SOUTH STREAM VS. NABUCCO: Arbakhan THE “PIPELINE WAR” GAINS MOMENTUM MAGOMEDOV, Ruslan NIKEROV 15 THE PHENOMENON OF Zurab POST-BIPOLAR REGIONALISM IN EUROPE MARSHANIA 23 GEORGIAN NATIONALISM TODAY: FACING THE CHALLENGES OF Beka THE NEW MILLENNIUM CHEDIA 34 GEO- ECONOMICS ON THE INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH MANAGEMENT IN THE POST-COMMUNIST Marina CAPITALIST COUNTRIES ACHELASHVILI 42 ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL Amil FOR REALIZING NATIONAL INTERESTS MAGERRAMOV, Hajiaga RUSTAMBEKOV 54 Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION ENERGY RESOURCE TRANSPORTATION BY COUNTRIES WITH NO ACCESS TO THE OPEN SEA Rovshan (An Azerbaijan Case Study) IBRAHIMOV 63 SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF Ramaz ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ABESADZE 70 GEOCULTURE BELIEFS, CUSTOMS, AND RITES OF 7TH-12TH CENTURY TURKS Rauf (According to Syrian Sources) HUSEIN-ZADE 87 THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT Rauf FROM THE POSTMODERNIST PERSPECTIVE: GARAGOZOV, CULTURAL GROUNDS Rena FOR BIASED INTERPRETATIONS KADYROVA 102 THE ETHNIC SITUATION IN THE CAUSASUS: Roland PAST AND PRESENT TOPCHISHVILI 111 GEOHISTORY HOW THE CAUCASIAN BUREAU OF THE C.C. R.C.P. (B.) DISCUSSED Jamil THE KARABAKH ISSUE IN 1920-1923 HASANLI 119 SOME ASPECTS OF GEORGIAN HISTORY David IN THE LIGHT OF ARMENIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY MUSKHELISHVILI 148 TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF AZERBAIJAN AT THE TURKISH-RUSSIAN TALKS OF 1921 Vasif (The Moscow and Kars Conferences) GAFAROV 157 THE CAUCASUS IN THE 15TH CENTURY Aydin (600th Anniversary of the Azeri Kara Koyunlu State) ASLANOV 168 6 Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Jannatkhan EYVAZOV Ph.D. (Political Science), Deputy Director, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Central Asia and the Caucasus (Baku, Azerbaijan). CENTRAL EURASIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF SECURITY: A REGIONAL SYSTEM OR A SUBSYSTEM? Abstract he author proceeds from the theory of His studies of the political system of the post- T regional security complexes to answer Soviet space have made it possible for him the question of whether Central Eura- to give a detailed description of its present sia should, or can, in the present conditions development level, structural and functional be described as a regional security system. specifics, and potential transformations. I n t r o d u c t i o n The term “Central Eurasia” is a relative newcomer in academic and political parlance. Accord- ing to Eldar Ismailov’s conception, its geopolitical structure consists of regions in the central parts of the European and Asian segments of Eurasia: Central Europe (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine); the Central Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan).1 The question is whether these post-Soviet regions can be 1 Eldar Ismailov put forward a new idea about the Central Eurasian region and Central Europe as its sub-region (see: E.M. Ismailov, “Central Eurasia: Its Geopolitical Function in the 21st Century,” Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 2 (50), 2008, pp. 7-29). Volume 5 Issue 1-2 2011 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION brought together within a single Central Eurasian regional security system, or whether we should rely, today and in the future, on the traditional differentiation of these political spaces or look at them as subsystems within the common post-Soviet space? These are the pivotal questions that I will try to answer with the help of the Theory of Regional Security Complexes (TRSC).2 Central Eurasian Regions: Geopolitical Factors of Development So far, Central Europe, the Central Caucasus, and Central Asia are fairly independent of each other; this is primarily demonstrated by the different dynamics of security relations. Their security spheres have been developing in very different ethnoconfessional, socioeconomic, and geopolitical conditions. This is a fairly straightforward explanation; in theory, however, we can supply a much simpler answer based on purely geopolitical factors. Geographically, the three spaces are separated by vast distances which the corresponding coun- tries cannot neutralize because of their inadequate power projection and which does not allow us to look at them as a single, security-wise, macroregion.