Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DENHAAG Kessler, P. J. A. Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : a manual to 280 selected species I P. J. A. Kessler, Kade Sidiyasa. - Wageningen : The Tropenbos Foundation. - Ill. - (Tropenbos series ; 7) With index, ref. ISBN 90-5113-019-8 Subject headings: tree flora ; Borneo. © 1994 Stichting Tropenbos All rights reserved. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may bereproduced, re-recorded or published inany form including print photocopy, microform, electronic or electromagneticrecord without written permission. Cover design: Diamond Communications Cover photo (inset): Slzorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck (photo by M.M.J. van Balgooy) Printed by: Krips Repro bv, Meppel TREES OF THE BALIKPAPAN-SAMARINDA AREA, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA A manual to 280 selected species Paul J. A. KeBler and Kade Sidiyasa The Tropenbos Foundation W ageningen, The Netherlands 1994 TROPENBOS SERIES The Tropenbos Series presents the results of studies and research activities related to the conservation and wise utilization of forest lands in the humid tropics. The series continues and integrates the former Tropenbos Scientific and Technical Series. The studies published in this series have been carried out within the international Tropen­ bos programme. Occasionally, this series may present the results of other studies which contribute to the objectives of the Tropenbos programma. Stichting Tropenbos Wageningen The Netherlands Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Samarinda (Forestry Research Institute Samarinda) Indonesia Rijksherbarium I Hortus Botanicus Leiden The Netherlands CONTENTS Foreword. ................................................ 7 Acknowledgements . 8 1 . Introduction . 9 1.1 Area covered by the Manual . 9 1.2 Scope of the Manual . 10 1.3 Format of descriptions . 10 1.4 Identification keys . 11 A. Synoptical Key to the Families . 11 B . Key to the Genera . 15 1.5 Glossary . 28 1. 6 Selected Literature . 33 2 . Descriptive Part . 35 Index of scientific names . 235 Index of vernacularnames . 239 Figures ................................... , . 243 FOREWORD It is my great pleasure to introduce the valuable document in front of you on the 'Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia'. This manual represents one of the cooperative research products between the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, the Tropenbos Foundation, Wageningen and Rijksherbarium I Hortus Botanicus, Leiden, The Netherlands, known as the Inter­ national MOF Tropenbos-Kalimantan Project. Unlike many other floras this book can be used also without complete sets of flowers and fruits, making it a valuable tool foruse in the field. This is one of the objectives of the Agency forForestry Research and Development, to bring scientific know-how to application in forestry practice. Indonesia is gifted with an enormous variety of plant and animal life. More and more we realize and appreciate this source of biodiversity, much remains to be learned about this treasure of species richness, new species still awaiting discovery. The present book is one more step in assisting people to perceive this diversity. Sustainable forest management has become an emotionally packed issue. It is indeed very questionable whether it is possible to manage a resource in a sustainable way when we do not know the constituents of this resource. We therefore must develop our know-how about the forest and its components to support our aim of achieving sustainable forest management in Indonesia. This book is a valuable tool in bringing some of this know-how to the people in the field involved in forest management. Finally I would like to complement the authors and their staff on the thorough work they have done in good cooperation between the parties. May many more such products follow in the near future. January, 1994 Ir,.Soedja�i Hartono Director General of the Agency forForestry Research and Development 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is the result of a cooperative project of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry (AFRD) and the Dutch Government, formulated in the multidisciplinary International MOF Tropenbos-Kalimantan Programme. Without the aid and support of many persons and institutions, both in Indonesia and in the Netherlands, it would have not been possible to publish this book. We wish to thank all specialists who kindly helped us in the identification of our collec­ tions, especially: F.A.C.B. Adema (Sapindaceae; Papilionaceae), P. S. Ashton (Dipterocarpaceae), M.M.J. van Balgooy and K.M. Kochummen (pre-identifica­ tion), J.R.M. Buysen (Sapindaceae: Nephelium), M.J.E. Coode (Elaeocarpaceae), Ding Hou (Anacardiaceae; Celastraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Caesalpiniaceae: Sindora), C. Kalkman (Rosaceae: Prunus), R. Kiew (Oleaceae: Chionanthus), P.W. Leenhouts (Burseraceae; Connaraceae; Loganiaceae; Sapindaceae), R. van der Meijden (Poly­ galaceae: Xanthophyllum), H. P. Nooteboom (Magnoliaceae; Simaroubaceae), C. E. Ridsdale (Rubiaceae), A. Schot (Euphorbiaceae: Aporusa; Papilionaceae: Cal­ lerya ), E. Soepadmo (Fagaceae), P.F. Stevens (Guttiferae: Calophyllum), I.G.M. Tantra (Sterculiaceae: Sterculia), W. Vink (Sapotaceae), P. C. van Welzen (Euphor­ biaceae: Neoscortechinia; Sapindaceae: Guioa), and W. J.J. O. de Wilde (Myristica­ ceae). We are very grateful to C. Kalkman and T. C. Whitmore, who critically read earlier versions of the manuscript. Our tree climbers Ambriansyah and Arifin Zainal untiringly collected, processed and mounted the plant material. Without their help we would not have been able to finish our task in due time. Last but not least, our artist Priyono, supervised by Mr. J. H. van Os (Rijksher­ barium I Hortus Botanicus, Leiden),managed to provide us with the high number of reliable botanical drawings. 8 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Area covered by the Manual As mentioned in the title of the book this Flora covers only a small part of East Kalimantan. Our collecting activities were mainly concentrated on the followingsites: a. The Wanariset research area b. The P. T. ITCI concession area, mainly 12 plots of the 'Growth & Yield' and 'Soil & Site' groups of the Tropenbos Kalimantan project (Van Bremen et al. 1990) c. The Bukit Soeharto forest reserve d. The Sungei Wain protection forest e. The vicinity of Samarinda f. The vicinity of Samboja Kuala and Handil II Allthese locations are situated approximately between 0- 1° 15' S and 1 16-1 17° 45' E. This part of the province is dominated by rugged hills to undulating plains. The alti­ tude ranges between sea-level and 700 m above sea-level. ,.. Map of the research area. 9 1.2. Scope of the Manual The intended scope of the Manual was a Flora containing c. 250 of the most impor­ tant tree species, important either economically or ecologically, and the means to identify themby fieldcharacters as well as herbarium characters. During our work in writing a checklist forthis area it became evident that it would not be possible to include all species in our Manual, on account of the great botanical diversity. Instead, for the user's convenience, we included a great number of families and genera to make this Manual as user-friendly as possible. From the 84 families with at least one big tree species (definedas either 35 cm dbh or over or 20 m tall) listed by Whitmore et al. (1990) forthe whole of Borneo,we included 66; the others are usually not found in the lowlands, are very rare, or are restricted to very special habitats. The same authors also calculated the number of genera, c. 370 in total. Our number of 210 seems low in comparison, but it does represent the real diversity in our collection area. The c. 280 species we described more or less elaborately can of course not be representative for the tree flora of our area. We tried to incorporate all important species as we know from the practice that the user is usually only inter­ ested in the species name of the economically important trees and is content with a genus name forthe rest of the species. This book is intended as a first guide to the (primary) lowland forest of East Kalimantan and the authors are fully aware of the shortcomings of this compilation. Foresters, timber licensees and their forestry personnel often find it difficult to identifytree species by their bark, slash and leaf-characters alone and we hope that this book facilitates a quick identification of the tree in question or provides at least some hints as to which family orgenus the specimen possibly may belong. 1.3. Format of descriptions - Families, genera, and species are treated in alphabetical order. - Scientific genus and species names have been cited with their references. - Synonyms are limited to those used in recent literature on Kalimantan. - Vernacular names have been incorporated but have been kept to a minimum (language in brackets, B = Dajak Benuag, M = Malay I Indonesian, D = Dajak, K = Kutai). - Literature (monographs, revisions, floristic accounts) of recent date is included, if published in a readily accessible source. - Descriptions include field and herbarium characters, especially data on height, bole, shape, bark, slash, twigs, leaves, flowers, and fruits. - Habitat and Ecology data have been incorporated very summarily. - If available, data on uses, especially of the timber, have been mentioned. - All numbers cited under 'material' have been collected during the last three years