CONSORTIUM "DICON – ACCIONA ING." ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT for Investment Proposal: BUILDING A NEW NUCLEAR UNIT OF THE LATEST GENERATION AT THE KOZLODUY NPP SITE CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS AND FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURAL HERITAGE THAT SHALL BE LARGELY AFFECTED BY THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL AND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THEM 3.9. HARMFUL PHYSICAL FACTORS 3.10. HEALTH AND SANITARY ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND RISK TO HUMAN HEALTH 3.11. RADIATION RISK TO THE POPULATION IN THE EVENT OF RADIOACTIVE RELEASES 3.12. CULTURAL HERITAGE original copy NELLY GROMKOVA – TL DEVELOPED BY: VERSION: VERJINIA DIMITROVA – PM VALIDATED BY: TZVETANKA DIMITROVA – TQ CONTROL EXPERT DATE: DOCUMENT: EIAR FOR IP BUILDING A NEW NUCLEAR UNIT OF THE LATEST GENERATION CONSORTIUM AT THE KOZLODUY NPP SITE DICON – ACCIONA ING. VERSION 03 DATE: AUGUST 2013 PAGE: 2/79 CONTENTS 3 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS AND FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURAL HERITAGE THAT SHALL BE LARGELY AFFECTED BY THE INVESTMENT PROPOSAL AND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THEM .......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.9 HARMFUL PHYSICAL FACTORS ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.9.1 NOISE ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 3.9.2 VIBRATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.9.3 NON-IONIZING RADIATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.9.3.1 SOURCES OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 10 3.9.3.2 IMPACT OF ELF FIELDS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 10 3.9.3.3 EMP AT THE KOZLODUY NPP SITE .................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.9.4 HEAT IMPACT ON THE DANUBE RIVER................................................................................................................................... 16 3.9.4.1 TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF THE DANUBE RIVER .............................................................................................................................. 16 3.9.4.2 THERMAL POLLUTION ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.9.4.2.1 STUDIES ON THE THERMAL POLLUTION OF THE DANUBE RIVER IN 1991 ............................................................................. 20 3.9.4.2.2 STUDIES ON THE THERMAL POLLUTION OF THE DANUBE RIVER IN 1999 ............................................................................. 21 3.9.4.3 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.9.5 ICE FORMATION IN THE DANUBE RIVER ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.10 HEALTH AND SANITARY ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND RISK TO HUMAN HEALTH /EXISTING SITUATION/ ..... 28 3.10.1 HEALTH STATUS OF THE POTENTIALLY AFFECTED POPULATION .................................................................................. 28 3.10.1.1 INVESTIGATING THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE KOZLODUY MUNICIPALITY VIA DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS AND PREPARING A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AGAINST THE VALUES FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY. ................................................. 29 3.10.1.2 STUDIES ON THE MORBIDITY RATE AMONG THE POPULATION ........................................................................................................ 37 3.10.1.2.1 NON-RADIATION ASPECTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 3.10.1.2.2 A STUDY OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE POPULATION THROUGH THE INDICATORS OF CANCER INCIDENCE BY LEVEL AND STRUCTURE FOR A RETROSPECTIVE PERIOD ................................................................................................................................................. 40 3.10.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS FROM THE KOZLODUY NPP ..................................................... 44 3.10.3 RADIOECOLOGICAL MONITORING ..................................................................................................................................... 45 3.10.3.1 ATMOSPHERIC AIR ................................................................................................................................................................................. 46 3.10.3.1.1 BACKGROUND GAMMA RADIATION.............................................................................................................................................. 46 3.10.3.1.2 AEROSOL ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47 3.10.3.1.3 GASEOUS AND AEROSOL RELEASES ............................................................................................................................................. 48 3.10.3.2 LIQUID RADIOACTIVE RELEASES .......................................................................................................................................................... 49 3.10.3.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE DOSE EXPOSURE OF THE POPULATION WITHIN THE 30 KM ZONE RESULTING FROM RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS FROM THE KOZLODUY NPP ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.10.3.4 ASSESSMENT OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND RADIATION RISK .............................................................................................. 52 3.10.3.4.1 DETERMINISTIC EFFECTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 52 3.10.3.4.2 STOCHASTIC EFFECTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 52 3.10.3.5 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 3.10.4 WORK ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 54 3.10.4.1 RADIATION FACTORS OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................ 54 3.10.4.2 RADIATION ENVIRONMENT AND EXPOSURE DOSE FOR THE PERSONNEL OF THE KOZLODUY NPP. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS56 3.10.4.3 HEALTH STATUS OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE KOZLODUY NPP ..................................................................................................... 57 3.11 RADIATION RISK TO THE POPULATION IN THE EVENT OF RADIOACTIVE RELEASES FROM THE KOZLODUY NPP ......... 61 3.11.1 DOSES FROM GASEOUS AND AEROSOL RELEASES ............................................................................................................. 61 3.11.1.1 GASEOUS AND AEROSOL RELEASES TO THE ATMOSPHERE ............................................................................................................... 62 3.11.1.2 LIQUID RADIOACTIVE RELEASES INTO THE DANUBE RIVER ............................................................................................................ 66 3.11.2 ASSESSMENT OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND RADIATION RISK ............................................................................. 68 3.12 CULTURAL HERITAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... 68 3.12.1 REGISTER OF IMMOVABLE CULTURAL VALUABLES IN THE AREA OF NOWADAYS KOZLODUY ..................................... 68 3.12.2 DETAILS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN AND AROUND THE TOWN OF KOZLODUY ...................................................... 73 3.12.3 DETAILS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES BETWEEN KOZLODUY, DANUBE RIVER AND THE PRESENT NPP SITE .......... 74 3.12.4 THE TERRAIN OF THE POTENTIAL NNU SITES ................................................................................................................ 75 3.12.4.1 SITE 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 3.12.4.2 SITE 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................