Threatened Arable Plants Identification guide THREATENED ARABLE PLANTS ID GUIDE THREATENED ARABLE PLANTS ID GUIDE Introduction Contents & Index Arable plants are the most critically threatened group of wild plants in the Cornflower ...............................................................4 Corn Chamomile ............................................... 13 UK. Identifying sites where these rare species remain is essential to ensuring Purple Viper’s-bugloss .........................................4 Stinking Chamomile.......................................... 13 their conservation through sustainable management. Henbane ....................................................................4 Red-tipped Cudweed ...................................... 13 Breckland Speedwell ...........................................5 Broad-leaved Cudweed ................................. 14 The majority of arable species are annuals and have relatively simple Fingered Speedwell..............................................5 False Cleavers ...................................................... 14 management requirements: annual cultivation without subsequent Spring Speedwell ...................................................5 Corn Cleavers ..................................................... 14 disturbance until the next year and no application of fertiliser or herbicides. Slender Tare ..............................................................6 Wild Candytuft ................................................... 15 Guidance is provided in this booklet as to whether the plant prefers spring Nettle-leaved Goosefoot .................................6 Corn Gromwell .................................................. 15 or autumn cultivation. Upright Goosefoot ..............................................6 Mousetail ................................................................ 15 Annual Knawel ........................................................7 Cat-mint .................................................................. 16 The survival of these plants depends so much on the people who manage Corncockle ...............................................................7 Shepherd’s-needle ............................................. 16 arable farmland. It is vital that farmers, agronomists and advisors tell us if you Rough Marsh-mallow .........................................7 Small-flowered Catchfly ................................. 16 identify them, so that Plantlife can keep a record and help ensure suitable Common Ramping-fumitory ..........................8 Corn Spurrey ....................................................... 17 management is put in place. Western Ramping-fumitory ............................8 Perfoliate Pennycress ....................................... 17 The 54 plants within this guide are considered to be at greatest risk of Fine-leaved Fumitory ..........................................8 Spreading Hedge-parsley .............................. 17 extinction1 within the UK. They are arranged according to flower colour. Purple Ramping-fumitory .................................9 Narrow-fruited Cornsalad............................ 18 Martin’s Ramping-fumitory ..............................9 Broad-fruited Cornsalad ................................ 18 This guide will help you identify which plants you have on your land, with Few-flowered Fumitory ....................................9 Ground-pine ......................................................... 18 information on what soil type it is most likely to be found on and when it is Red Hemp-nettle ............................................... 10 Small Alison ........................................................... 19 in flower (the best time for identification). There are a few species groups Smaller Tree-mallow ......................................... 10 Corn Marigold ..................................................... 19 that are difficult to distinguish in the field (Fumitories, Chamomiles and Grass-poly .............................................................. 10 Large-flowered Hemp-nettle ...................... 19 Goosefoot), and the use of additional flora guides might be useful when Field Cow-wheat ................................................ 11 Smooth Cat’s-ear ............................................... 20 identifying these species - see Plantlife’s recommendations at the back of this Weasel’s-snout .................................................... 11 Yellow Vetchling ................................................... 20 booklet. If any of these threatened species are found on your farm then the Night-flowered Catchfly ................................ 11 Corn Buttercup................................................... 20 site could be considered to be of county or national importance for arable Cut-leaved Germander .................................. 12 Greater Yellow-rattle ........................................ 21 plants, under the Plantlife Important Arable Plant areas methodology2. Pheasant’s-eye ...................................................... 12 Annual Vernal-grass ........................................... 21 Prickly Poppy ........................................................ 12 Rye Brome ............................................................. 21 20 of these plants have been identified as priority species within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and are government priorities to target for conservation action. 12 are protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Key Countryside Act 1981, making it an offence to intentionally pick, uproot or destroy any plants. Distribution: Taken from the New Atlas of British & Irish Flora (Preston et al., 2002), the number of 10-km squares mapped for native and introduced records for the recording period If any one or more of these species are identified on a farm please complete 1987-99, out of the total number of squares in which that species has been recorded within Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. the attached form and return to: Plantlife, 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury Note: Within the Atlas there is total of 2852 10-km squares for which records were available Wiltshire SP1 1DX or contact us on 01722 342730 / enquires@plantlife. within Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Status: org.uk with the details, so that we can work together to protect this unique EX Extinct Threat status according to vascular plant red data CR Critically Endangered lists for Great Britain by Cheffings & Farrell 2005, group of plants. Wiggington 1999 and Perring & Farrell 1983. EN Endangered 1According to The vascular plant red data list for Great Britain (2005 or 1999) VU Vulnerable 2For full details of the Important Arable Plant Areas site selection methodology LC Least Concern see www.arableplants.org.uk Protection: UK BAP PRIORITY - UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species SCHEDULE 8 PROTECTED – Protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 2 3 BLUE / PURPLE THREATENED ARABLE PLANTS ID GUIDE THREATENED ARABLE PLANTS ID GUIDE BLUE / PURPLE Cornflower Centaurea cyanus Breckland Speedwell Veronica praecox Flowers ‘cornflower blue’ and borne at the ends of branched Highly localised Breckland species with erect, sometimes stems, to 80cm. The leaves are long and narrow, and the branched flowering stem, to 20cm. The leaves are whole plant is sparsely covered with long white hairs. Seeds toothed but not deeply divided. Flowers are small (3mm are similar size and shape as cereal grains with a fringe of across), light blue with dark streaks, on long stalks, borne short hairs around the apex. Flowers June - August. in the axils of leaf-like bracts. Flowers March - May. CULTIVATION TIME Autumn CULTIVATION TIME Autumn SOIL TYPE Sandy loams SOIL TYPE Calcareous sands DISTRIBUTION 396/889 10-km squares, distribution distorted due to recent introductions, remaining natural sites scattered. DISTRIBUTION 5/6 10-km squares, Breckland STATUS / PROTECTION EN, UK BAP PRIORTY STATUS / PROTECTION EN Purple Viper’s-bugloss Echium plantagineum Fingered Speedwell Veronica triphyllos Softly hairy biennial, to 75cm. The leaves are narrowly Low-growing, occasionally branched plant, to 15cm. oval, forming a rosette at the base of the stem, also Leaves up to 1cm long and deeply divided into 3-7 occurring along the stem. Flowers are large, arranged in parallel-fingered lobes. Upper leaves are stalkless, lower a spike, have light purple petals fused into a tube, with leaves have short stalks. Deep blue flowers are borne hair confined to the veins and petal margins with a lipped in the axils of the upper leaf-like bracts and are shorter opening and two projecting stamens (Viper’s-bugloss has than the surrounding calyx. The fruit capsule is deeply bi- flowers which are hairy on the outside and 4-5 stamens). lobed, about 6-7mm long. Flowers March - May. Flowers June - September. CULTIVATION TIME Autumn & Spring CULTIVATION TIME Autumn SOIL TYPE Sandy loams SOIL TYPE Sandy, calcareous soils DISTRIBUTION 41/86 10-km squares, remains in Jersey, W. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly - elsewhere casual. DISTRIBUTION 3/33 10-km squares, Breckland STATUS / PROTECTION EN STATUS / PROTECTION EN, UK BAP PRIORITY, SCHEDULE 8 PROTECTED Henbane Hyoscyamus niger Spring Speedwell Veronica verna Stout, foul smelling poisonous biennial, to 80cm, covered Highly localised Breckland species with erect, sometimes with sticky white hairs. Lower leaves are broad, with a branched stem, to 15cm. The leaves