LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE‐II ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (DOE/EA‐1975) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science July 2014 Cover Photo: SLAC’s Undulator Hall Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 SLAC Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Existing LCLS Facilities ............................................................................................................ 1-2 1.3 Proposed Action Overview ........................................................................................................ 1-7 1.4 Purpose and Need ...................................................................................................................... 1-7 2.0 Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives ..................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Proposed Action ......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Equipment and Installation ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1.1 Equipment Dismantling and Removal ........................................................................... 2-2 2.1.1.2 Injector ........................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.1.1.3 Accelerator ..................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.1.1.4 Cryogenic Plant .............................................................................................................. 2-6 2.1.1.5 Beam Transport/Bypass ................................................................................................. 2-9 2.1.1.6 X-ray Production and Delivery (Undulators) ................................................................. 2-9 2.1.1.7 Changes to Existing LCLS Facilities ............................................................................. 2-9 2.1.2 Cryogenic Component Fabrication and Installation......................................................... 2-10 2.1.2.1 Fabrication ................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.1.2.2 Cryogenic Plant Construction ...................................................................................... 2-10 2.1.3 Other Site Improvements ................................................................................................. 2-11 2.1.4 Excavated Material Handling and Disposal ..................................................................... 2-12 2.1.5 Schedule and Work Force ................................................................................................ 2-12 2.1.6 Operations and Maintenance ............................................................................................ 2-13 2.1.6.1 Hazardous Materials Management ............................................................................... 2-13 2.1.6.2 Environmental Sustainability Practices ........................................................................ 2-14 2.1.7 Decommissioning............................................................................................................. 2-15 2.1.8 Avoidance and Minimization Measures ........................................................................... 2-15 2.1.9 Permits and Approvals ..................................................................................................... 2-17 2.2 No Action ................................................................................................................................. 2-17 2.3 Alternatives Considered and Eliminated from Detailed Analysis ........................................... 2-18 2.3.1 Add Capacity to LCLS ..................................................................................................... 2-18 2.3.2 Build LCLS-II at a “Green Field” SLAC Location.......................................................... 2-18 2.3.3 Build LCLS-II at Another DOE Site ................................................................................ 2-18 3.0 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences ...................................................... 3-1 3.1 Regional Setting ......................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 Environmental Assessment Methodology.................................................................................. 3-3 3.3 Summary of Impacts .................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................. 3-5 3.4.1 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................ 3-5 3.4.1.1 Criteria Pollutants .......................................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.1.2 Conformity ..................................................................................................................... 3-7 LCLS-II Environmental Assessment – July 2014 Contents (continued) 3.4.1.3 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants .......................................... 3-8 3.4.2 Environmental Consequences ............................................................................................ 3-8 3.4.2.1 No Action ....................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.4.2.2 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................. 3-8 3.5 Biological Resources................................................................................................................ 3-10 3.5.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-11 3.5.1.1 Wetlands and Aquatic Habitats .................................................................................... 3-11 3.5.1.2 Vegetation .................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.5.1.3 Wildlife ........................................................................................................................ 3-11 3.5.1.4 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................... 3-15 3.5.1.5 Biological Resources at Component Fabrication Sites ................................................ 3-15 3.5.2 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................... 3-15 3.5.2.1 No Action ..................................................................................................................... 3-15 3.5.2.2 Proposed Action ........................................................................................................... 3-15 3.6 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................... 3-19 3.6.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-20 3.6.2 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................... 3-22 3.6.2.1 No Action ..................................................................................................................... 3-22 3.6.2.2 Proposed Action ........................................................................................................... 3-22 3.7 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................... 3-24 3.7.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-24 3.7.1.1 Geology ........................................................................................................................ 3-24 3.7.1.2 Soils .............................................................................................................................. 3-26 3.7.2 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................... 3-26 3.7.2.1 No Action ..................................................................................................................... 3-26 3.7.2.2 Proposed Action ........................................................................................................... 3-26 3.8 Health and Safety ..................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.8.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-28 3.8.1.1 Occupational Safety ....................................................................................................