PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A DECONSTRUCTION ON THE BINARY OPPOSITION OF THE MALE AND FEMALE CHARACTERS IN SUSAN GLASPELL’S TRIFLES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RADIASKA KARISTANTYA PUTRA Student Number: 104214112 . ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A DECONSTRUCTION ON THE BINARY OPPOSITION OF THE MALE AND FEMALE CHARACTERS IN SUSAN GLASPELL’S TRIFLES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RADIASKA KARISTANTYA PUTRA Student Number: 104214112 . ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Mother love is the fuel that enables a normal human being to do the impossible. Marion C. Garretty vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Hi, Mom! *waves* viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to give my gratitude to Allah SWT for the blessing, so that I can finish this undergraduate thesis fluently. I dedicate my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my Advisor, Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum. for the guidance from the beginning until the end of the process of writing this thesis. I also dedicate my gratitude to my Co-Advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. I would like to acknowledge the help provided by not only colleagues but also my best friends Fanny Herdioktavi, Indy Tiara Sari, Frisca’ Irvyani, Jessica Novia, Christian Dwi Nugroho for all good times we spent together. I owe special thanks to Moh. Erfan Hanindyo, Abbi Aulia Sujono, Praditya Wiradipati Nur Fattah and Fadlillah Ahdiyat, who are not only my friends, but also a fountainhead of all the best that has occurred to me. I would like to express my deep love and gratitude to my dad, Hari Istata for his constant support and understanding throughout my research and to my brother, Rahadian for his prayers and support in all aspects of my life. I cannot express my gratitude for my mom in words, whose unconditional love has been my greatest strength. This thesis is dedicated to her. I love you, Mom. Radiaska Karistantya Putra. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE …......…………………………………………………………... ii APPROVAL PAGE …………………………………………………………….. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ………………………………………………………… iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ……………………………………………. vi MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………………. vii DEDICATION PAGE …………………………………………………………… viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………. x ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….. xii ABSTRAK ……………………………………………………………………….. xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………....… 1 A. Background of the Study ……………………………………….…..... 1 B. Problem Formulation ………………………………………….……... 3 C. Objectives of the Study ……………………………………….……... 3 D. Definition of Terms ………………………………………….………. 3 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ………………………….…….. 6 A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………….…….. 6 B. Review of Related Theories ………………………………………… 7 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ……………………… 7 2. Theory and View of Deconstruction …………………………….. 9 3. View of Binary Opposition ……………………………………… 17 4. Theory of Gender Stereotype ……………………………………. 18 5. Theory of Patriarchy …………………………………………….. 20 C. Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………... 21 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY …………………………………….…….. 24 A. Object of the Study …………………………………………….……. 24 B. Approach of the Study ……………………………….……………… 25 C. Method of the Study ………………………………………….……... 26 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS …………………………………………….…….. 28 A. Characteristics of Male and Female Characters …………………….. 28 1. The Characteristics of Male Characters ………………………… 28 2. The Characteristics of Female Characters ……………………… 35 B. The Binary Opposition of Characteristics …………………………. 42 1. Intolerant vs. Tolerant ………………………………………….. 44 2. Apathetic vs. Compassionate …………………………………... 45 3. Careless vs. Incisive ……………………………………………. 45 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 4. Hard vs. Sociable ……………………………………………….. 46 C. The Examination of Deconstruction Perspective …………………… 47 1. Textual Fact …………………………………………………….. 48 2. The Rejection on the Textual Fact ……………………………… 54 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………………………………… 65 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………. 69 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT RADIASKA KARISTANTYA PUTRA. A Deconstruction on the Binary Opposition of the Male and Female Characters in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015. Trifles is a well-known play of Susan Glaspell that was written in 1916. It consists of one act. In this thesis, the writer analyzes the binary opposition of the characteristics of male and female characters in the play. Therefore, the writer tries to identify the binary opposition of the characteristics and examine with Deconstruction perspective by relating them to the gender stereotype. There are three problems that are formulated in this study. The first question is used to describe the characteristics of the male and female characters in this play. The second question is used to give the evidence about the existence of binary opposition in the characteristics of the male and female characters. The third question is used to examine the binary opposition in the characteristics of male and female characters related to gender stereotype using the Deconstruction perspective. The method that is used in this study is a library research. Here, in this study the data are collected from written texts such as printed books and other printed writings that are related to this study. This study is also supported by some online articles and essays that are collected from websites. In the text play of Trifles, male and female characters are clearly presented as a binary pair of ‘superior’ vs. ‘inferior’. Moreover, some of their characteristics are also presented as binary oppositions. Furthermore, when these binaries are connected to the gender stereotype, there is a finding that male characters are the cause of superiority because the characteristics of male characters are considered as dominant and powerful. Nevertheless, the female characters are only considered as the one who undergoes the superiority since their characteristics are less dominant and weak. However, when Deconstruction theory is applied in this case, there is a new finding that denies the fact in the text. This new finding deconstructs the text in Trifles since based on this new finding, the female’s characteristics are regarded as the cause of the superiority. The gender stereotype of male’s superiority is not shaped because of the characteristics of the male characters that are dominant and powerful. But here, the superiority appears because of the characteristics of female characters that let the superiority in the text happens. xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK RADIASKA KARISTANTYA PUTRA. A Deconstruction on the Binary Opposition of the Male and Female Characters in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015. Trifles adalah drama terkenal yang ditulis oleh Susan Glaspell pada tahun 1916. Trifles terdiri dari satu babak drama. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menganalisa oposisi biner dari karakteristik-karakteristik tokoh laki-laki dan perempuan dalam drama ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi oposisi biner dari karakteristik-karakteristik tersebut dan membahasnya menggunakan perspektif Deconstruction sehubungan dengan gender stereotype. Ada tiga pertanyaan yang disusun sebagai pokok bahasan di dalam penelitian ini. Pertanyaan pertama membahas tentang karakteristik-karakteristik tokoh laki-laki dan perempuan dalam drama ini. Pertanyaan kedua bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya oposisi biner dalam karakteristik-karakteristik dari tokoh laki-laki dan perempuan. Pertanyaan ketiga bertujuan untuk mengkaji oposisi biner dalam karakteristik-karakteristik tokoh laki-laki dan perempuan sehubungan dengan stereotip gender menggunakan perspektif Deconstruction. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Di dalam penelitian ini informasi dan data didapatkan dari sumber-sumber tertulis seperti buku-buku cetak maupun essay-essay tertulis lainnya. Penelitian ini juga didukung dengan artikel- artikel dan jurnal online yang diambil dari website-website. Di dalam naskah Trifles, jelas terlihat bahwa tokoh laki-laki dan perempuan dikondisikan sebagai sepasang lawan ‘superior’ vs. ‘inferior’. Bahkan beberapa dari karakteristik-karakteristik mereka juga ikut dikondisikan berlawanan. Ketika hal ini dihubungkan dengan stereotip gender, tokoh laki-laki dianggap sebagai penyebab adanya superioritas karena karakteristik-karakteristiknya dominan dan kuat. Sedangkan perempuan hanya dianggap sebagai orang yang mengalami superioritas karena karakteristik-karakteristiknya yang kurang dominan dan lemah. Akan tetapi ketika teori Deconstruction digunakan untuk mengkaji hal ini, hasilnya adalah muncul kesimpulan