CENTRAL EURASIA 2005 Analytical ANNUAL CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2006 1 CENTRAL EURASIAFOUNDED 2005 AND PUBLISHED AnalyticalBY Annual INSTITUTE INSTITUTE O OR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES O CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 S c i e n t i f i c E d i t o r i a l B o a r d Eldar ISMAILOV C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (994-12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV D e p u t y C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan EYVAZOV E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a ry Tel./fax: (994-12) 499 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Abbas MALEKI Doctor, Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Ainura ELEBAEVA Doctor of Philosophy, professor, director of the Research Institute of Ethnology, International University of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) 2 Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Senior Fellow, Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia), Fulbright Fellow, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Nitze School-SAIS, Johns Hopkins University (U.S.) S. Neil MACFARLANE Professor, Director, Center for International Studies, The University of Oxford (Great Britain) Roger N. McDERMOTT Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent at Canterbury (U.K.) Lena JONSON Doctor, Senior Fellow, Swedish Institute of International Affairs (Sweden) Timur SHAIMERGENOV Member of the Secretariat of the Kazakhstan Parliament Majilis (Republic of Kazakhstan) S. Frederick STARR Professor, Chairman, The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (U.S.A.) Bülent ARAS Doctor, Chair, Department of International Relations, Fatih University (Turkey) Xing GUANGCHENG Doctor of Political Sciences, professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for East European, Russian and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) The views in the Analytical Annual do not necessarily reflect those of the Scientific Editorial Board Editorial Office: CA&CC Press AB Hubertusstigen 9. 97455 Luleå SWEDEN WEB ADDRESS: http://www.ca-c.org © Central Eurasia 2005. Analytical Annual, 2006 © CA&CC3 Press®, 2006 CENTRAL EURASIA 2005 Analytical Annual CENTRAL EURASIA 2005 Analytical Annual CONTENTS Eldar Ismailov PREFACE .................................................................................... 9 Eldar Ismailov, CENTRAL EURASIA IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL AND Murad Esenov GEO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS .................................................... 11 Introduction ..................................................................................... 11 Central Eurasia on the Path to Political and Economic Transformation ................................................................................ 13 Central Eurasia in the World Community ........................................ 24 The Cultural-Civilizational Aspect of Central Eurasian Development ................................................................................... 37 AFGHANISTAN Viktor Korgun GENERAL OVERVIEW .................................................................. 44 Viktor Korgun POLITICS ........................................................................................ 47 Evgeni Pastukhov ECONOMY ...................................................................................... 53 Iakov Trofimov RELIGION ....................................................................................... 59 Evgeni Pastukhov INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ........................................................... 63 REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Agasi Enokian GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................... 70 Manvel Sarkisian POLITICS ........................................................................................ 72 4 Contents Vaagn Khachatrian ECONOMY ...................................................................................... 79 Vagram Melikian, Egine Mkrtchian RELIGION ....................................................................................... 87 Sergey Minasian INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ........................................................... 93 AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC Nazim Imanov GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 102 Nazim Imanov POLITICS ...................................................................................... 105 Fuad Murshudli ECONOMY .................................................................................... 113 Elmir Kuliev RELIGION ...................................................................................... 121 Jannatkhan Eyvazov INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS .......................................................... 128 GEORGIA Vladimer Papava GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................ 137 Giya Zhorzholiani POLITICS ...................................................................................... 140 Nodar Khaduri ECONOMY .................................................................................... 147 Zaza Piralishvili RELIGION ...................................................................................... 152 Archil Gegeshidze INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ......................................................... 158 REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Timur Shaimergenov GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 167 Erbulat Seylekhanov POLITICS ...................................................................................... 170 Larissa Sidorova ECONOMY .................................................................................... 176 Iakov Trofimov RELIGION ...................................................................................... 189 Murat Laumulin INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS .......................................................... 194 5 CENTRAL EURASIA 2005 Analytical Annual KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Ainura Elebaeva GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 204 Nur Omarov POLITICS ...................................................................................... 207 Alymbek Biialiev ECONOMY ................................................................................... 212 Kanatbek Murzakhalilov, Kanybek Mamataliev RELIGION ...................................................................................... 219 Askar Beshimov, Muratbek Baikhojoev INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ......................................................... 223 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN Jamilia Majidova, Parviz Mullojanov GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 229 Parviz Mullojanov POLITICS ..................................................................................... 231 Sobir Kurbanov ECONOMY .................................................................................... 234 Khakim Abdullo RELIGION ...................................................................................... 244 Rashid Abdullo INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS .......................................................... 250 TURKMENISTAN Azhdar Kurtov GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 258 Azhdar Kurtov POLITICS ..................................................................................... 261 Igor Proklov ECONOMY .................................................................................... 267 Iakov Trofimov RELIGION ...................................................................................... 273 Azhdar Kurtov INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS .......................................................... 277 REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN Mukhabat Khamraeva GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 285 6 Contents Bakhodyr Ergashev POLITICS ...................................................................................... 288 Jahangir Kakharov ECONOMY ................................................................................... 294 Bakhodyr Ergashev RELIGION ..................................................................................... 300 Aziz Kamilov INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS .......................................................... 305 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS FOR 2005 Politics Afghanistan ....................................................................................................... 311 Republic of Armenia .......................................................................................... 312 Azerbaijan Republic ........................................................................................... 313 Georgia ............................................................................................................... 315 Republic of Kazakhstan .................................................................................... 315 Kyrgyz Republic ................................................................................................. 319 Republic of Tajikistan ........................................................................................ 320 Turkmenistan ....................................................................................................