International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: IJSEM-D-15-00747R1 Full Title: International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Short Title: ICNP (2008 Revision) Article Type: ICSP Minutes Section/Category: ICSP Matters Keywords: International Code of Prokaryotic Nomenclature; Rules; principles; general considerations; Judicial Commission; prokaryotic names Corresponding Author: George M Garrity, Sc.D. Michigan State University East Lansing, MI UNITED STATES First Author: Charles T Parker, B.Sc. Order of Authors: Charles T Parker, B.Sc. Brian J Tindall, Ph.D. George M Garrity, Sc.D. Manuscript Region of Origin: UNITED STATES Abstract: This volume contains the edition of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes that was presented in draft form and available for comment at the Plenary Session of the Fourteenth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM), Montréal, 2014, together with updated lists of conserved and rejected bacterial names and of Opinions issued by the Judicial Commission. As in the past it brings together those changes accepted, published and documented by the ICSP and the Judicial Commission since the last revision was published. Several new appendices have been added to this edition. Appendix 11 addresses the appropriate application of the Candidatus concept, Appendix 12 contains the history of the van Niel Prize, and Appendix 13 contains the summaries of Congresses. Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXionIP: 159.178.89.30 Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation On: Thu, 22 Jun 2017 13:58:02 ManuscriptClick Including here to download References Manuscript (Word document) Including References (Word document) ICNP_2008_Chapters_1-4_Final_20151119a.docx Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) ICSP Matters International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) Charles T. Parker1, Brian J. Tindall2 and George M. Garrity3 (Editors) 1NamesforLife, LLC (East Lansing, Michigan, United States) 2Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, (Braunschweig, Germany) 3Michigan State University (East Lansing, Michigan, United States) Corresponding Author: George M. Garrity ([email protected]) Running title: Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) Section: ICSP Matters Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 159.178.89.30 On: Thu, 22 Jun 2017 13:58:02 Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) ICSP Matters Preface to the Current Edition It is now 22 years since the 1990 Revision of the Bacteriological Code was published in 1992. This revision of the Code now takes on the name The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICSP), in order to reflect the fact that it governs a larger group of organisms than the Bacteria. The term “prokaryote” is used as defined in General Consideration 5. The wording of the Code reflects those changes approved by Plenary Sessions of the ICSB and ICSP up to and including the XIIth International Congress of the Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM) Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) in Istanbul (2008), together with updated lists of conserved and rejected names, and of Judicial Opinions. The statutes governing BAM, which until 1987 was the Bacteriology Section of the IUMS are no longer included, and will be published separately. In the 22 years since the last complete edition was published and 34 years since the implementation of a new starting date for prokaryotic nomenclature was introduced, the Code has served the community of prokaryotic systematics well. This revision of the Code would not be complete without honoring the editors of the 1975 and 1990 revisions. Their words can be found in the earlier prefaces, which we include in this volume, and every volume, in order to preserve our institutional history and to record their efforts. The Code would not exist in its present state (or perhaps at all) without their significant contributions. This code is a living document, revised by nearly every Congress as methods and technology advance in our field, and as the needs of the scientific community change. In principle this code of nomenclature retains a stable foundation that, from time to time, requires fine tuning rather than major revision. That the Code has stood the test of time is a tribute to those who undertook the task of maintaining it and are now deceased. Stephen P. Lapage (1990) Peter H. A. Sneath (2011) Victor B. D. Skerman (1993) Heinz P. R. Seeliger (1997) William A. Clark (2011) Erwin F. Lessel (2012) While the Code regulates nomenclature, one of its main goals is to maintain stability in names, which itself is linked to the classification of organisms and the way the data gathered on organisms is interpreted. The names of taxonomic concepts have taken on a new significance in an increasingly electronic age, where the information in databases, online publications and other resources may be linked. Nomenclature and the associated classifications play a fundamental role in maintaining the identity of the organisms when their names appear out of their usual contexts. Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 159.178.89.30 On: Thu, 22 Jun 2017 13:58:02 Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) ICSP Matters While the Code does not attempt to interfere with the process of classification it does lay down clear rules that stipulate that taxa must be distinguishable, that types must be properly designated and (where appropriate) authentic strains must be made available without restriction, and that data on which descriptions are based must be included. The Code provides the critical links between nomenclature, classification, and characterization; past, present and future. It provides the foundation on which we can reliably compare physiological, biochemical, genetic and structural data collected in the past with current and future findings based on contemporary ‘omics based methods and future methods that are yet to be defined. The Code allows us to make assertions and to propose hypotheses that are supported by a wealth of experimental data that are directly comparable. It is important to also remember that nomenclature is one step in an information management system, the scope of which is only limited by the bounds of the methods available for studying the organisms themselves and our ability to interpret and comprehend that information. In the preface to the 1990 Revision of the Code, P. H. A. Sneath indicated the influential role that the Code has had on developments in botany and zoology, which continues to be the case today. In his review of the preparation of the Approved List, Sneath (2005) cited the late V. B. D. Skerman, who with reference to developments in other areas of nomenclature simply said “We started something!” This volume contains the revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes that was presented in draft form and available for comment at the Plenary Session of the Fourteenth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM), Montréal, 2014, together with updated lists of conserved and rejected names of prokaryotes and of Opinions issued by the Judicial Commission. As in the past it brings together those changes accepted, published and documented by the ICSP and the Judicial Commission since the last revision was published, up to and including the XIIth International Congress of the Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology (BAM) Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) in Istanbul (2008). Some minor editorial changes have been made where the 1990 Revision referred to actions in the future, or where references required updating. At the close of the IUMS meeting in 1999, the name of the International Committee on Systematics of Bacteria (ICSB) was changed to the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP). In 2000, the name of the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology was changed to the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. With the adoption of the minutes of the 1999 ICSB meeting, this Code of Nomenclature was officially renamed from the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Several new appendices have been added to this edition. Appendix 11 addresses the appropriate application of the Candidatus concept, Appendix 12 contains the history of the van Niel Prize, and Appendix 13 contains the summaries of Congresses. Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 159.178.89.30 On: Thu, 22 Jun 2017 13:58:02 Prokaryotic Code (2008 Revision) ICSP Matters Much of the development and history of this code of nomenclature is written in the pages of the minutes of the congresses. After several editions, the summaries of congress activities had accumulated in several forewords and prefaces, resulting in large bibliographies at the beginning of the book that were impairing readability. The congress summaries have been rearranged and placed in a new Appendix 13 to improve the readability of the front matter and to clarify the bibliographic references pertaining to each congress. The authorship of the summaries of the First International Congress for Microbiology (Paris, 1930) through the Sixth International Congress for Microbiology (Rome, 1953) are attributed to the Editorial Board,