REPLENISHMENT STUDY OF RIVER BED AREA OF SAND MINING KHASRA NO. 938, 346, 845, 957, NEAR VILLAGE GOPAL KHEDA, MAMATKHEDA, KHATRUKHEDI, DHATURIYA, TEHSIL SITAMAU DISTRICT MANDSAUR STATE MADHYA PRADESH APPLIED AREA 18.00 HECTARE SUBMITTED BY SHRI NARAYAN SINGH, S/O. SHRI KAMAL SINGH, R/O. VILLAGE – SITAKHEDI, TEHSIL – SITAMAU, DISTRICT – MANDSAUR (M.P.) PREPARED BY RAKESH GIRI GOSWAMI (RQP/AJM/338/2013/A) Valid up to 18.11.2023 C/o. NARENDRA SINGH NARUKA R/o. A-8, Neha Medical Building, Oppo. ESI Hospital, Hasanpura Road, Sodala, Jaipur (Raj.) – 302 006, Mob. – 9829930877 (O) – 0141- 2451959 E-mail:- [email protected] 1 GENERAL INFORMATION The river bed area for sand mining situated in khasra no. 938, 346, 845, 957 at near village Gopalkheda, Mamatkheda, Dhaturiya & Khatrukhedi, Tehsil – Sitamau, District – Mandsaur, (M.P.). Details of Area Total applied area is 18.00 hectare. For the sand mining, about 13.00 hectare area will be used at near village Gopalkheda, Mamatkheda, Dhaturiya. Khasra No. Area (Ha.) Village Tehsil Mineral 938 4.500 Gopalkheda Sitamau Sand 346 4.000 Mamatkheda Sitamau Sand 845 5.000 Dhaturiya Sitamau Sand 957 4.500 Khatrukhedi Sitamau Sand 18.000 Total HECT. 2 SUMMARY Drainage system is the pattern formed by streams, rivers and lakes in a drainage basin. In a drainage system, streams or rivers always connect together to form networks. Many factors such as topography, soil type, bedrock type, climate and vegetation cover influence input, output and transport of sediment and water in a drainage basin (Charlton, 2008). These factors also influence the nature of the pattern of water bodies (Twidale, 2004). As a consequence, drainage pattern can reflect geographical characteristics of a river network to a certain extent. There are several types of drainage pattern. So far, much research has been done on the description of drainage patterns in geography and hydrology (e.g. Howard, 1967; Lambert, 1998; Twidale, 2004; Pidwirny, 2006). In addition, sediment transport knowledge is important in river restoration, ecosystem protection, navigation, watershed studies and reservoir management. Bed load represents the lower portion of sediment load in natural rivers. Fluvial sediment load materials are transported by rivers. Sediment load can be divided into bed load and suspended load based on the mode of transport. Bed load is transported close to the bed where particles moved by rolling, sliding, or jumping (Adegbola, 2012). Xlaoqing (2003) explained that bed load transport in natural rivers is a complicated phenomenon. Its movement is quite uneven in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, which vary considerably. Geography The district has an area of 9,791 km². The district is part of the Malwa region, and is bounded by Neemuch District to the north, Rajasthan state to the east and west, and Ratlam District to the south. It is part of Ujjain Division. Mandsaur District forms the northern projection of Madhya Pradesh from its western Division, i.e., Ujjain Commissioner's Division. It lies between the parallels of latitude 230 45' 50" North and 250 3 2' 55" North, and between the meridians of longitude 740 42' 30" East and 750 50' 20" East. The district is an average-size district of Madhya Pradesh. It extends for about 142 km. from north to south and 124 km. from east to west. Climate The climate of this district is generally dry except in south-west monsoon. Year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season is from December to February. This is followed by the hot season from March to the middle of June. Thereafter the south-west monsoon season starts and continues up to about the middle of September. The average annual rainfall in the District is 786.6 mm. The rainfall in the districts in the region round about Sitamau- Mandsaur- Malhargarh, and in general increases in the northern part of the district from the west towards the east. The Maximum rainfall in 24 hours recorded at any station in the district was 323.9 mm. at Garoth on 1945 June 29. In the district there is rapid increase in temperatures after February. May is generally the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 39.80 °C and the mean daily minimum at 25.40 °C. Days are intensely hot in summer and hot dust-laden winds which below during this season add to the discomfort. On individual days in the summer session and in June before the onset of the monsoon the day temperatures often go up above 45 °C. January is the coldest month, with the mean daily maximum temperature at 35.00 °C and mean daily minimum at 9.30 °C. 4 REPLENISHMENT STUDY Drainage and replenishment study was carried out in Chambal River, Sitamau was found with ephemeral streams. Quantification and estimation of riverbed material (RBM) was accomplished by followed three scientific approaches i. e. mapping of watersheds by using Arc GIS software, survey of proposed mining area and grain size distribution of sand and gravel. Moreover, analysis of grain size distribution helps us to estimate sediment deposition and safe limit for extraction/ removal of deposited river bed material (RBM) available in the various rivers. This quantity has been arrived upon considering that hydrological profile of the river flow is guided to the centre of the river so as to minimize risk of steam bank erosion. Furthermore, drainage study of rivers was done with the help of mapping of watershed generated by Arc GIS. The behavior and geo-morphology of rivers was also estimated with the help of mapping. Methodology The catchment area of the river was analyzed with the help of Arc GIS approach. The mined affected area of the river was measured through Arc GIS approach and ground based survey by GPS approach. The stretch of the mined area of river was divided in various segments depending on stretch of the rivers. The width (meters) and GPS information at each segment was collected to quantify the total mined area of river. The geo- morphological patterns in terms of stream orders were also observed using Arc GIS methodology. Besides, the mined affected area of the river was divided in to various segments to analyze grain size distribution in river bed. The one pit with size of 2m × 1m × 1m (Fig.1) per segment was made throughout the stretch of the river with digging methods. The materials were collected from the river beds i.e. below 3m of the river bed. The dug material from each depth was filled in iron bucket with 50 kg capacity and weighted though weighing balance. After that, the weighted material was filtered through various grades of sieves (<2mm, 2-6mm, 6-10mm, 10- 50mm and >50mm). Again, the filtered material of each size sieve was weighted to calculate actual percentage of grain size at both depths. 5 Grain Size Distribution Analysis in Rivers Grain size distribution in the river bed was estimated with the help of different opening size of the screens up to 3 m depth at different locations of the area. Study Area The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India, and thus forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state. The 960 kilometres (600 mi) long Chambal River originates from the Singar Chouri peak on the northern slopes of the Vindhyan escarpment, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) West-South-West of Mhow in Indore District, Madhya Pradesh state, at an elevation of about 843 metres (2,766 ft). The river flows first in a northerly direction through Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) for about 346 kilometres (215 mi) and then in a generally north-easterly direction for 225 kilometers (140 mi) through Rajasthan. The Chambal flows for another 217 kilometres (135 mi) between M.P. and Rajasthan and a further 145 kilometers (90 mi) between M.P. and Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It enters U.P. and flows for about 32 kilometers (20 mi) before joining the Yamuna River in Jalaun District at an elevation of 122 metres (400 ft), to form a part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. In addition to catchment area, the total mined area was measured with the help of ground based survey method by GPS approach and it was recorded around 170.49 ha whereas Arc GIS calculated 182.0 ha. The area obtained by both approaches was near about to close and no significant difference was observed. It was interesting to know that small patches of newly growing vegetation or stabilized island with regenerating vegetation are also found in river. Nevertheless, the small patches or islands were avoided during assessment of river. 6 The Chambal is a rainfed catchment with a total drained area up to its confluence with the Yamuna of 143,219 square kilometres (55,297 sq mi). The drainage area resembles a rectangle up to the junction of the Parvathi and Banas Rivers with the Chambal flowing along its major axis. The Chambal Basin lies between latitudes 22° 27' N and 27° 20' N and longitudes 73° 20' E and 79° 15' E. On its south, east and west, the basin is bounded by the Vindhyan mountain ranges and on the north-west by the Aravallis. Below the confluence of the Parvathi and Banas, the catchment becomes narrower and elongated. In this reach, it is bounded by the Aravalli mountain ranges on the North and the Vindhyan hill range on the south.