Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios ISSN: 1806-4892 [email protected] Fundação Escola de Comércio Álvares Penteado Brasil Yamakawa Tsuja, Peter; Ostos Mariño, Jhony The Influence of the Environment on Organizational Innovation in Service Companies in Peru Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, vol. 15, núm. 49, agosto-diciembre, 2013, pp. 582-600 Fundação Escola de Comércio Álvares Penteado São Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94729777006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GESTÃO DE NEGÓCIOS ISSN 1806-4892 RBGN REVIEW OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT © FECAP DOI: 10.7819/rbgn.v15i49.1586 Subject Area: Organizational Strategy and Behavior The Influence of the Environment on Organizational Innovation in Service Companies in Peru Influência do Ambiente na Inovação Organizacional em Empresas Prestadoras de Serviços no Peru Influencia del Entorno en la Innovación Organizacional en Empresas de Servicio en Perú Peter Yamakawa Tsuja1 Jhony Ostos Mariño2 Received on March 13, 2013 / Approved on November 25, 2013 Responsible Editor: João Maurício Gama Boaventura, Dr. Evaluation Process: Double Blind Review ABSTRACT RESUMO Several authors consider the environment Diversos autores consideram a variável ambiente variable to be an influential element on the um elemento influente na variável inovação, mas innovation variable, but they do not provide não aprofundam quanto às dimensões destas further insight of the dimensions of these variáveis. Este estudo, realizado em uma amostra variables. This study, applied to a sample of service de empresas prestadoras de serviços, abrange companies, includes dimensions of environment dimensões do ambiente (incerteza e complexidade) (uncertainty and complexity) and dimensions of e da inovação (técnica e administrativa), além das innovation (technical and administrative), as well as organizational characteristics as a moderating características organizacionais como variável variable in this relationship between environment mediadora da relação entre o ambiente e a and innovation. The results indicate that an inovação. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente uncertain environment promotes only technical incerto promove apenas a inovação técnica, ao innovation, while a complex environment passo que o ambiente complexo promove tanto a promotes both administrative and technical inovação técnica e quanto a administrativa. Este innovation. It was also found that organizational estudo também comprova que as características characteristics partially moderate the relationship organizacionais moderam parcialmente a relação between the two variables. entre as duas variáveis. Keywords: _ Environment. Innovation. Organization Palavras-chave: _ Ambiente. Inovação. Organização. 1. PhD in Engineering from the University of Osaka, Japan. Professor of Universidad ESAN. [[email protected]] 2. PhD in Management Science from the Ramón Llull University - ESADE, Spain. Professor of Universidad ESAN. [[email protected]] Authors’ address: Alonso de Molina 1652, Monterrico, Surco – Lima, Peru 33 582 Rev. bus. manag., São Paulo, Vol. 15, No. 49, pp. 582-600, Oct./Dec. 2013 The Influence of the Environment on Organizational Innovation in Service Companies in Peru results when the environment evaluation is more RESUMEN comprehensive. In order to get a deeper idea Diversos autores consideran la variable entorno of the environment behavior, it is necessary to un elemento influyente en la variable innovación, analyze various dimensions of such environment; pero no profundizan en las dimensiones de estas the investigations on organizational innovation variables. Este estudio, realizado en una muestra are extensive, but limited by their reach, because de empresas de servicio, incluye dimensiones del they do not properly encompass the large margin entorno (incertidumbre y complejidad) y de la of each aspect of the innovation, such as the innovación (técnica y administrativa), además administrative innovation, Tidd (2001) and de las características organizacionales como Damanpour (1996), innovation studies have variable mediadora de la relación entre entorno e historically given priority to the investigation innovación. Los resultados indican que el entorno and development, and to technology, to then incierto promueve solo la innovación técnica, focus on the innovation of products and services mientras que el entorno complejo promueve tanto (DAMANPOUR; WALKER; AVELLANEDA, la innovación técnica como la administrativa. 2009). También se comprueba que las características The organizational innovation is defined organizacionales moderan parcialmente la relación in various ways; it is a process of generation, entre ambas variables. development and implementation of new ideas (DAMANPOUR, 1996); it is the development Palabras clave: _ Entorno. Innovación. Organización. and implementation of new ideas within an institutional order (VAN DE VEN, 1986); it is the implementation of new processes, new 1 INTRODUCTION products and new focus of administration to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the The environment is an external factor company (SEADEN et al., 2003). to the organization, and a direct motivator of In the literature review, innovation changes implementation in the company. It is a is frequently related to organization key element for the organizational innovation, (WISCHNEVSKY; DAMANPOUR, 2006), because its constant changes, on making the but the connection between the organizational management of value and quality of products characteristics and the types of innovation is and/or services difficult, stimulate the creation ignored. In the design of the organizational of new products, new services and new processes, structure, five basic configurations are identified: to compete in the marketplace (DAMANPOUR; simple structure, mechanical bureaucracy, EVAN, 1984; TUSHMAN; NADLER, 1986). professional, divisional bureaucracy, and Other authors state that the understanding of adhocracy, and nine organizational characteristics: the environment contingencies might promote specialization of the work, formalization, more effective innovation activities (HAN; KIM; training, group, size, planning and control, SRIVASTAVA, 1998; LI; ATUAHENE-GIMA, liaison mechanisms, vertical and horizontal 2001; TIDD, 2001). On the other hand, Farjoun decentralization (MINTZBERG, 1980). Out (2010) proposes a continuous need of change, of these organizational characteristics, three are innovation and exploration in organizations to more significant in the decision-making process: that they can remain in the marketplace. centralization, formalization and complexity Various authors state that the organizational (FREDRICKSON, 1986), which are used in innovation is expressed in changes of the this work. organization’s internal variables in response to The innovation practices in the services the changes in external variables; thus, the sector are developed throughout all the innovation activities in organizations have better management activities carried out in the company, 583 Rev. bus. manag., São Paulo, Vol. 15, No. 49, pp. 582-600, Oct./Dec. 2013 Peter Yamakawa Tsuja / Jhony Ostos Mariño and are less systematic than in the manufacturing to be more competitive (BARKEMA; BAUM; sector, because service companies rarely have a MANNIX, 2002). In high demand and sufficient research and development (R&D) department; resources’ environments of companies, innovation therefore, it is necessary to expand the study of activities are promoted; on the other hand, in innovations in service companies to understand low demand and scarce resources’ environments, other forms of innovation (TOIVONEN, 2010). innovation activities are restricted (KATILA; Resende Junior and Guimaráes (2012) conduct an SCOTT, 2005); independent companies extensive literature review on service innovation, provide the necessary ideas to variety of possible and state that there is a relative scarcity of innovations, while business groups provide the empirical studies addressing companies of the support infrastructure for the innovation activities public and private sectors. (MAHMOOD; MITCHELL, 2004). From this literature review, we can Researches associate environment with deduce that it is necessary to continue exploring uncertainty, complexity, dynamism, heterogeneity the relations between the environment and the and turbulence. Duncan (1972), on his part, organization’s internal variables, specifically the established two types of environment, which in organizational innovation and the organizational turn have two dimensions each: a) the simple- characteristics (DAMANPOUR, 1996; 1991; complex environment, which is related to the HAN; KIM; SRIVASTAVA, 1998; OLSON; amount of the environment factors; and b) SLATER; HULT, 2005; TIDD, 2001). Thus, the static and dynamic environment, which is the objective of this study is to examine the the degree in which the decision factors of the influence of the environment in the organizational external environment change. Miller (1991) innovation, as well as to analyze the behavior of analyzes the environment under two associations: the organizational characteristics as a moderator uncertain environment, which is associated to the variable of this relation. predictability