Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics + Cancer – Idea Project Environment, Food, + Youth: GIS Protocols Version 1.2, July 2007 Editor: Ann Forsyth Contributors (alphabetically): Ann Forsyth, PhD Environmental Measurement Lead Leslie Lytle, PhD Project PI, TREC-IDEA Grant Nishi Mishra GIS Research Assistant Pétra Noble Research Fellow/Coordinator David Van Riper GIS Research Fellow Assistance from: Ed D’Sousa GIS Research Assistant A Companion Volume to Environment and Physical Activity: GIS Protocols, Versions 4.0 and 4.1 at www.designforhealth.net/GISprotocols.html edited by Ann Forsyth and with contributions from Edward D’Sousa, Ann Forsyth, PhD, Joel Koepp, J. Michael Oakes, PhD, Kathryn H. Schmitz, PhD, David Van Riper, and Jason Zimmerman C/o www.designforhealth.net/, [email protected], [email protected] Preparation of this manual was assisted by a grant from the National Institutes of Health This is a work in progress ENVIRONMENT, FOOD, AND YOUTH: GIS PROTOCOLS VERSION 1.2, July 2007, WORK IN PROGRESS 1 University of Minnesota, TREC Environment, Food, and Youth: GIS Protocols TABLE OF CONTENTS Note TCWS = Twin Cities Walking Study 1. CONCEPTUAL ISSUES ........................................................................................................................5 1.1. Protocol Purposes and Audiences................................................................................................5 1.2 Organization of the Protocols Manual..........................................................................................5 1.3 The Context of the Manual: TREC-IDEA .....................................................................................5 1.4 Steps in Developing the Manual ...................................................................................................6 1.5 Data....................................................................................................................................................6 US Census ...........................................................................................................................................6 MetroGIS .............................................................................................................................................6 Health and Agriculture Department Data .....................................................................................7 Commercial Data ...............................................................................................................................7 1.6 Measurement Units .......................................................................................................................10 1.7 Measurement Logistics .................................................................................................................10 1.8 General Measurement Geographies ...........................................................................................10 2. FUNDAMENTAL PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES.................................................................11 Background ..........................................................................................................................................11 2.1 Net Land Area (without water): See TCWS GIS Protocol 2.1..................................................11 2.2 Gross Area (including water): See TCWS GIS Protocol 2.2. ....................................................11 2.3 Measurement Geography Type 1: Straight Line or Airline Buffer; See TCWS GIS Protocol 2.5. ..................................................................................................................................................11 2.4 Measurement Geography Type 2: Network or Street Distance Buffer ..................................11 2.5 Measurement Geography Type 3: Straight Line or Airline Distance to Nearest Feature; See TCWS GIS Protocol 2.7................................................................................................................21 2.6 Measurement Geography Type 4: Network or Street Distance to Nearest Feature.............21 2.7 Measurement Geography Type 5: Home to School Route Buffer ..........................................24 3. RESTAURANTS A.K.A. FOOD SERVICES......................................................................................27 3.1 Distance to Nearest Restaurant ...................................................................................................27 3.2 Restaurant Density ........................................................................................................................31 3.3: Distance to Fast Food Restaurants .............................................................................................34 3.4 Fast Food Restaurant Density......................................................................................................38 3.5 Distance to Fast Food Restaurant Subtypes...............................................................................42 3.6 Density Fast Food Restaurant Subtypes.....................................................................................43 3.7 Distance to Non Fast Food Restaurants. ....................................................................................44 3.8 Density of Non Fast Food Restaurants.......................................................................................47 4. FOOD STORES.....................................................................................................................................52 4.1 Distance to any Retail Food Outlet--All Stores Selling Food (not restaurants) ....................52 4.2 Density of all Retail Food Outlets (not restaurants) .................................................................57 4.3 Distance to Groceries, Supermarkets, or Super Centers ..........................................................61 4.4 Density of Groceries, Supermarkets, or Super Centers............................................................65 4.5 Distance to Large Supermarkets or Super Center.....................................................................69 ENVIRONMENT, FOOD, AND YOUTH: GIS PROTOCOLS VERSION 1.2, July 2007, WORK IN PROGRESS 2 University of Minnesota, TREC 4.6 Density of Large Supermarkets or Super Centers.....................................................................73 4.7 Type of Nearest Retail Food Outlet ............................................................................................77 4.8 Distance to Nearest Convenience Store Including Gas Stations.............................................81 4.9. Density of Convenience Stores Including Gas Stations ..........................................................85 4.10 Distance to Farmers Market .......................................................................................................88 4.11 Distance to Alcohol Sales Places................................................................................................93 4.12 Density of Alcohol Sales Places .................................................................................................97 5. YOUTH AND UTILITARIAN OR RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY...........................99 DENSITY...............................................................................................................................................99 5.1 Raw Population per Unit Land Area (TCWS GIS Protocol 3.1)..............................................99 5.2 Population per Unit Land Area (without water):(TCWS GIS Protocol 3.2) ........................102 5.3 Residential Population in Residential Parcels (Residential Density) (without water): (TCWS GIS Protocol 3.3)...........................................................................................................105 5.4 Employment Per Unit Land Area: (TCWS GIS Protocol 3.6 )............................................108 PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE ...............................................................................................110 5.5 Distance to Nearest Transit Stop (TCWS GIS Protocol 4.10) .................................................110 5.6 Transit Stop Density (TCWS GIS Protocol 4.11)......................................................................115 LAND-USE MIX ................................................................................................................................116 5.7 Percentage of Total Parcel Area in Major Land Uses (residential, commercial, office, industrial, institutional, park and recreation, vacant):(TCWS GIS Protocol 5.1)..............116 5.8 Retail Employment Density (TCWS GIS Protocol 5.11) .........................................................120 5.9 Distance to Nearest Facility (Mentioned in the Survey): Stores in Total, Hardware Stores ......................................................................................................................................................122 STREET PATTERN............................................................................................................................126 5.10 Average Census Block Area (TCWS GIS Protocol 6.1).........................................................126 5.11 Median Census Block Area: See TCWS GIS Protocol 6.2.....................................................130 5.12 Number of Access Points (TREC version)..............................................................................132 5.13 Road Length per Unit Area (TREC Version) .........................................................................136