Books: Laird, M., L. A. Lacey and E. W. Davidson (eds.). 1990. “Safety of Microbial Insecticides”. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 259 pp. Lacey, L. A. (ed.). 1997. “Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology”. Academic Press, London. 409 pp. Lacey, L. A. and H. K. Kaya (eds.). 2000. "Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests." Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 911 pp. Lacey, L. A. and H. K. Kaya (eds.). 2007. "Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd edition." Springer, Dordrecht. Kroschel, J. and L. A. Lacey (eds.). 2008. Integrated Pest Management for the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) – a Potato Pest of Global Importance.. Tropical Agriculture 20, Advances in Crop Research 10. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany. 147 pp. Peer Reviewed Journal Articles – 2000-2009 Kirk, A., L. A. Lacey, J. K. Brown, M. A. Ciomperlik, J. A. Goolsby, D. C. Vacek, L. E. Wendel, and B. Napompeth. 2000. Variation within the Bemisia tabaci s. l. species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies leading to successful biological control of Bemisia bio-type B in the USA. Bull. Entomol. Res. 90: 317-327. Rang, C., L. A. Lacey and R. Frutos. 2000. The crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni display a synergistic activity against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Curr. Microbiol. 40: 200-204. Rosa, J. S., E. Bonifassi, J. Amaral, L. A. Lacey, N. Simões, and C. Laumond. 2000. Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernema, Heterorhabditis) in the Azores. J. Nematol. 32: 215-222. Vega, F. E., L. A. Lacey, A. P. Reid, F. Herard, D. Pilarsa, E. Danova, R. Tomov, and H. K. Kaya. 2000. Infectivity of a Bulgarian and an American strain of Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against codling moth. BioControl 45:337- 343. Lacey, L. A., R. Frutos, H. K. Kaya and P. Vail. 2001. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future? Biol. Control 21: 230-248. 2 Lacey, L. A., J. S. Rosa, N. O. Simões, J. J. Amaral, and H. K. Kaya. 2001. Comparative dispersal and larvicidal activity of exotic and Azorean isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Euro. J. Entomol. 98: 439-444. Mesquita, A. L. M. and L. A. Lacey. 2001. Interactions among the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), the parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and their aphid host. Biol. Control 22: 51-59. Siegel, J. P., L. A. Lacey, and C. R. Vossbrinck. 2001. Impact of a North American isolate of the microsporidium Nosema carpocapsae on a laboratory population of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 244-250. Unruh, T. R. and L. A. Lacey. 2001. Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Steinernema carpocapsae: effects of supplemental wetting and pupation site on infection rate. Biol. Control 20: 48-56. Lacey, L. A., P. V. Vail, and D. F. Hoffmann. 2002. Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 80: 64-68. Lacey, L. A. and D I. Shapiro-Ilan. 2003. The potential role for microbial control of orchard insect pests in sustainable agriculture. J. Food Agric. Environ. 1: 326-331. Lacey, L. A., T. R. Unruh and H. L. Headrick. 2003. Interactions of two idiobiont parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83: 230-239. Yee, W. L. and L. A. Lacey. 2003. Stage-specific mortality of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to three species of Steinernema Nematodes. Biol. Control 27: 349- 356. Arthurs, S. P. and L. A. Lacey. 2004. Field evaluation of commercial formulations of the codling moth granulovirus (CpGV): persistence of activity and success of seasonal applications against natural infestations in the Pacific Northwest. Biol. Control 31: 388- 397. Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthurs, A. Knight, K. Becker, and H. Headrick. 2004. Efficacy of codling moth granulovirus: effect of adjuvants on persistence of activity and comparison with other larvicides in a Pacific Northwest apple orchard. J. Entomol. Sci. 39: 500-513. Pfannenstiel, R. S., M. Szymanski, L. A. Lacey, J. F. Brunner and K. Spence. 2004. Discovery of 3 a granulovirus of Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leafroller pest of apples in Washington. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 86: 124-127. Siegel, J., L. A. Lacey, R. Fritts, Jr. , B. S. Higbee, and P. Noble. 2004. Use of Steinernematid nematodes for post harvest control of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol. Control 30: 410-417. Alston, D. G., D. E. N. Rangel, L. A. Lacey, H. G. Golez, J. J. Kim, and D.W. Roberts. 2005. Evaluation of novel fungus and nematode isolates for control of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae. Biol. Control 35: 163–171. Arthurs, S., L. A. Lacey, and R. Fritts, Jr. 2005. Optimizing the use of the codling moth granulovirus: effects of application rate and spraying frequency on control of codling moth larvae in Pacific Northwest apple orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1459-1468. Lacey, L. A., and S. P. Arthurs. 2005. New method for testing solar sensitivity of commercial formulations of the granulovirus of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 90: 85-90. Lacey, L. A. and T. R. Unruh. 2005. Biological control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) and its role in Integrated Pest Management, with emphasis on entomopathogens. Vidalia 12: 33-60. Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthurs and H. Headrick. 2005. Comparative activity of the codling moth granulovirus against Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 102: 79-80. Lacey, L. A., L. G. Neven, H. L. Headrick, and R. Fritts, Jr. 2005. Factors affecting entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) for the control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in fruit bins. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1863-1869. Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., J. R. Fuxa, L. A. Lacey, D. W. Onstad and H. K. Kaya. 2005. Definitions of pathogenecity and virulence in invertebrate pathology. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 88: 1-7. Yee, W. L. and L. A. Lacey. 2005. Mortality of different life stages of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Entomol. Sci. 40: 167-177. Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey, and R.W. Behle. 2006. Evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as ultraviolet light protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 93: 88–95. Georgis, R., A. M. Koppenhöfer, L. A. Lacey, G. Bélair, L.W. Duncan, P. S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr and R.W.H.M. van Tol. 2006. Successes and failures in the use of 4 parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biol. Control 38: 103-123. Lacey, L. A. and L. G. Neven. 2006. The potential of the fungus, Muscodor albus as a microbial control agent of potato tuber moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in stored potatoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 91: 195-198. Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthurs, T..R. Unruh, H. Headrick and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards: effect of nematode species and seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, application equipment and post-application irrigation. Biol. Control 37: 214–223. Lacey, L. A., D. Granatstein, S. P. Arthurs, H. Headrick and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 41: 107-119. Riga, K., L. A. Lacey, N. Guerra, and H. L. Headrick. 2006. Control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, using entomopathogenic nematodes in laboratory and bin assays. J. Nematol. 38: 168-171. Siegel, J., L. A. Lacey, B. S. Higbee, P. Noble and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Effect of application rates and abiotic factors on Steinernema carpocapsae for control of overwintering navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol. Control 36: 324-330. Arthurs, S.P., R. Hilton, A.L. Knight and L. A. Lacey. 2007. Evaluation of the pear ester kairomone as a formulation additive for the granulovirus of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Leppidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit. J. Econ. Entomol . 100: 702-709. Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey and E. R. Miliczky. 2007. Evaluation of the codling moth granulovirus and spinosad for codling moth control and impact on non-target species in pear orchards. Biol. Control 49: 99-109. Dolinski, C. and L. A. Lacey. 2007. Microbial control of arthropod pests of tropical tree fruit. Neotropic. Entomol. 36: 161-179. Lacey, L. A., T. R. Unruh, H. Simkins, and K. Thomsen-Archer. 2007. Gut bacteria associated with the Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus, inferred from 16s rDNA sequences and their implications for control. Phytoparasitica 35: 479-489. Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey and R. W. Behle. 2008. Formulation for improved activity of codling moth granulovirus: evaluation of environmental/UV protectants. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 18: 639-663. 5 Arthurs, S. P., L. A.Lacey and F. de la Rosa. 2008. Evaluation of a granulovirus (PoGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki for control of the potato tuberworm in stored tubers. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 1540-1546. Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey, J. N. Pruneda and S. Rondon. 2008. Semi-field evaluation of a granulovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki for season-long control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 129: 276–285. Hansen, J.D., R. Carlton, S. Adams, L.A.