DEVELOPING THE NEXT GENERATION OF MILITARY LEADERS CHALLENGES, IMPERATIVES AND STRATEGIES EDITED BY MAJOR JULIE BÉLANGER AND LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PSALM LEW DEVELOPING THE NEXT GENERATION OF MILITARY LEADERS DEVELOPING THE NEXT GENERATION OF MILITARY LEADERS CHALLENGES, IMPERATIVES AND STRATEGIES EDITED BY MAJOR JULIE BÉLANGER AND LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PSALM LEW Copyright © 2011 Her Majesty the Queen, in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence. Canadian Defence Academy Press PO Box 17000 Stn Forces Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4 Produced for the Canadian Defence Academy Press by 17 Wing Winnipeg Publishing Office. WPO30725 Cover Photo: Combat Camera AR2007-Z041-12 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Developing the next generation of military leaders : challenges, imperatives and strategies / edited by Julie Bélanger and Psalm Lew. Produced for the Canadian Defence Academy Press by 17 Wing Winnipeg Publishing Office. Includes bibliographical references and index. Available also on the Internet. Issued by: Canadian Defence Academy. ISBN 978-1-100-19212-3 Cat. no.: D2-281/2011E 1. Command of troops. 2. Military art and science. 3. Military education. I. Bélanger, Julie, 1972- II. Lew, Psalm, 1976- III. Canadian Defence Academy IV. Canada. Canadian Armed Forces. Wing, 17 UB210 D48 2011 355.3’3041 C2011-980150-7 Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies is the sixth and latest volume of a series of publications de- signed to focus on core contemporary military issues. The success of this series has and is founded on the continued interest and effort of the members of the International Military Leadership Association (IMLA), a group that shares the common goal of communicating knowledge to enhance leadership development and in turn, organizational effectiveness. For this, we would like to offer our sincerest appreciation and gratitude to the many dedicated and outstanding professional contributors to this book. Clearly, the effort of these authors will continue to significantly contribute to enhancing our international awareness and understanding of the critical role that leadership plays in modern militaries. It also enables us to better understand how our various militaries, situated around the world, all with different histories and challenges, approach leadership. Again, the collaborative spirit of the IMLA members is paramount, without them this book could not have been written. It is also important to acknowledge the continued support of the Canadian Defence Academy and in particular, the Canadian Forces Leadership Insti- tute for their continued support to this effort. As such, a special thank you and our gratitude is extended to Mélanie Denis for her outstanding support and guidance throughout this annual project. Because of time-constraints, Mélanie worked relentlessly during the closing days of this project to ensure that the release of this publication would coincide with the annual IMLA conference. Her previous experience combined with her management skills and insights, helped to ensure the success of this project. As with previous volumes in this series, the staff of the 17 Wing Publishing Office in Winnipeg are to again be congratulated for their efforts, under considerable time con- straints, to transform this rough manuscript into a high quality and profes- sional document that we are proud to present. Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: | i Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies | Acknowledgements ii | Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: | Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword MG Ali Yusuf Susanto, S.IP, M.M ...............................................v Preface Lieutenant-Colonel Douglas Lindsay & Dr. Craig Foster ....... vii Chapter 1 United States of America Generational Differences and the Future of the United States Military Dr. Craig Foster & Lieutenant-Colonel Douglas Lindsay ..........1 Chapter 2 Canada Education – The Key Component to the Development of the Next Generation of Military Leaders Colonel Bernd Horn .................................................................... 23 Chapter 3 Indonesia Fourth Generation Warfare: War in Paradox, Strengthening the Cubical Forces and Leadership Competencies Preparedness Major Ardisutopo Endro Tjahjono ........................................... 41 Chapter 4 Australia From “Leading from the Front” to “Leading from the Shadows”: Developing a Leadership Culture for the Strategic Level Dr. Nick Jans .............................................................................. 51 Chapter 5 New Zealand The New Zealand Army Leadership Framework – Reinvigorating Leadership Lieutenant-Colonel Rob Hoult & Dr. Peter Greener ............... 67 Chapter 6 Switzerland Coping with Complexity – Preparing Military Leaders for an Interlinked World Dr. Stefan Seiler & Dr. Andres Pfister ...................................... 93 Chapter 7 United States of America New Security Economics: A Challenge for Future Leaders Dr. Mie Augier & Dr. Robert M. McNab ............................... 105 Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: | iii Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies | Table of Contents Chapter 8 Australia Perspectives on Leadership Development in the Australian Defence Force Lieutenant-Colonel Jon Hawkins ........................................... 127 Chapter 9 Singapore Developing the Next Generation into Adaptive Leaders Through Self-Management Lieutenant-Colonel Psalm B.C. Lew ...................................... 135 Chapter 10 Canada Becoming an Officer in the Canadian Forces. Leadership at the Royal Military College of Canada, A Bridge Between Education and Experience Major Julie Bélanger & Dr. Daniel Lagacé-Roy ..................... 145 Chapter 11 The Netherlands Leadership Qualities in the Near Future for the Dutch Defence Organization Major Yvonne C.J. Schroeder .................................................. 169 Contributors ................................................................................................. 191 Glossary ................................................................................................. 197 Index ................................................................................................. 201 iv | Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: | Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies FOREWORD As the host of the 2011 International Military Leadership Association (IMLA) Annual Meeting, I am honoured to present the sixth and latest vol- ume of leadership books produced by IMLA, Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies. In my opinion, the IMLA has been able to publish leadership books in quite an impressive man- ner, which reflects not only the high standards of the writers, but also the commendable and successful collaboration effort by IMLA member coun- tries. I believe that only through these kinds of efforts can we solve many of the military problems realized in the contemporary world. In addition, I also would like to convey my continued appreciation to the Canadian Defence Academy, specifically the Canadian Forces Leadership Institute, for its con- tinuing support in making the publication of IMLA books possible. We can see today that the operational landscape faced by military leaders has changed dramatically since the end of the Cold War. Instead of conven- tional warfare, military conflicts today are more often characterized by the role of non-state actors, and the lines between politics and war are increas- ingly blurred. At the same time, this phenomenon can be seen 24/7 on the internet. Therefore, I believe that Developing the Next Generation Military Leaders: Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies comes at a most appropriate time. Today’s military problems require today’s solution, and this also applies to military leadership development. Through the presentation of theoretical frameworks, case studies and applied research, we can see how the militaries of various IMLA member nations prepare their current and future genera- tions of military leaders to lead their soldiers in unchartered terrain, coping with complexity in an interlinked world. As with the other volumes on military leadership published by the IMLA, I trust that this book will contribute to a more thorough understanding of how military organizations in various parts of the world cope with the challenges of preparing their future leaders for challenges that are very different from the previous generations. The concept of warfare has evolved and requires a realignment of leadership concepts that will help win the war. Seen in this context, Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: Challenges, Im- peratives and Strategies is an important contribution to the debate on what kind of leadership is needed in the so-called Fourth Generation Warfare. As a final remark, I hope this book not only can provide its reader with in- sights on how IMLA member nations prepare their leaders for a changing world, but furthermore, how it could lead to the implementation of a joint Developing the Next Generation of Military Leaders: | v Challenges, Imperatives and Strategies | Foreword leadership training and development program. Readers are welcomed and encouraged to contact the IMLA for further discussions on the contents of this volume. MG Ali Yusuf Susanto, S.IP, M.M. Assistant for Personnel Indonesian